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姜洁教授:造福患者,实现卵巢癌的全程管理

2018-04-26 肿瘤资讯编辑部 肿瘤资讯

卵巢癌是妇科恶性肿瘤中死亡率比最高的疾病,尤其是晚期病人,五年生存率低,易复发。满意的肿瘤细胞减灭术和规范的化疗可提高患者的生存期,更好的支持治疗使晚期和终末期患者的生存质量得到好的保障。以患者为中心,涵盖诊断、治疗和随访的全程管理能够更详细的评估患者病情,依据指南提供规范治疗,在保证疗效的同时,关注晚期和终末期患者的支持治疗,通过多学科诊疗的模式(MTD),确保提供个体化、整合、连续性诊疗,实现

卵巢癌是妇科恶性肿瘤中死亡率比最高的疾病,尤其是晚期病人,五年生存率低,易复发。满意的肿瘤细胞减灭术和规范的化疗可提高患者的生存期,更好的支持治疗使晚期和终末期患者的生存质量得到好的保障。以患者为中心,涵盖诊断、治疗和随访的全程管理能够更详细的评估患者病情,依据指南提供规范治疗,在保证疗效的同时,关注晚期和终末期患者的支持治疗,通过多学科诊疗的模式(MTD),确保提供个体化、整合、连续性诊疗,实现全程管理,造福患者。特别邀请到山东大学齐鲁医院姜洁教授对此作详细介绍。

姜洁教授:主任医师,博士研究生导师.山东大学齐鲁医院妇产科 副主任.中华预防医学会生殖健康分会常委.中国研究型医院学会妇产科专业委员会化疗学组副组长.山东省医学会妇科肿瘤专业委员会副主任委员.山东省抗癌协会妇科肿瘤专业委员会副主任委员.山东省医师协会妇产科专业委员会委员秘书

以患者为中心,全程管理涵盖诊断、治疗、随访

卵巢癌的全程管理和其它恶性肿瘤一样,其全程管理涵盖诊断、治疗和随访。2018年1月ESMO更新了支持治疗和姑息治疗意见书,指出以患者为中心的治疗应贯穿疾病整个过程,强调对癌症患者从诊断、初治、随访直至癌症生存末期进行全程管理:包括支持治疗、姑息治疗、临终关怀、癌症生存者的管理等。所以对卵巢癌患者也应制定全程治疗和管理的长期计划。1

在诊断方面,强调患者通过自查和定期查体做到疾病的早期诊断,通过影像学、基因检测、病理学等来明确患者的病理类型。根据肿瘤大小、淋巴结转移情况、患者肿瘤负荷及体能一般情况等来制定以指南为规范的个体化治疗方案,如手术,化疗、放疗或靶向治疗等,注重治疗并存的不良反应的预防和处理。注重随访,增强患者的自我管理和依从性管理,建立医患沟通的良好模式,做好疾病的监控,及时进行复发后治疗和中末期支持治疗。


卵巢癌患者全程管理中,每个环节都有其重要性,对于妇科肿瘤医生来说,不仅要关注卵巢癌疾病本身的诊断和治疗,而且在保证疗效的同时预防和处理不良事件的发生,关注患者的终末期支持治疗也非常重要。以往医生们可能更注重疾病本身的诊疗,而忽视了在治疗过程中患者的全程管理。患者在治疗过程中可能会出现因治疗手段导致的躯体及心理的程度不同的问题,我们应在重视疗效的同时,重视对治疗带来的不良反应的管理,包括血液学、消化道、心脏及神经毒性等。 ESMO强调要重视癌症患者的需求和实际获得治疗的差距1,注重患者的身体不良反应及心理问题的管理,通过对患者进行常规、详细的躯体、心理评估,以MDT形式,给患者提供个体化、多科室整合、连续性的诊疗。

全程管理:分层管理,预防和监控不良反应

在卵巢癌诊疗过程,既要考虑疗效的保证,又要评估治疗导致的不良反应的发生风险。早期患者,治疗持续时间短,可成为长期癌症生存者或被认为已治愈,保证疗效,预防和治疗不良反应是非常重要的;晚期患者尤其是复发的病人治愈可能性较小,以姑息治疗,保障患者生存质量为主要目的1。所以对患者的管理应该做到综合全面兼具个体化,在治疗过程当中要关注疗效和不良反应,避免亡羊补牢,要尽量未雨绸缪。比如化疗可能会导致骨髓抑制、胃肠道反应、神经毒性等,我们要根据这些不良反应做出相应的评估和预防措施。

国际多数RCT研究均使用PROMs量表对患者生存质量进行全面评估,进而对癌症相关症状和不良反应采取相应的预防措施1,同时我们还有很多其他的评估工具,例如NCCN、ASCO、CSCO等对发热性中性粒细胞减少(FN)的风险评估有明确而具体的评估预防措施,若病人在治疗前评估为FN高风险:化疗方案FN风险>20%、年龄65岁以上、近期手术或创伤等,即可对其进行FN一级预防。若该患者在前期化疗当中发生过FN,那么在本周期化疗中我们建议使用PEG-rhG-CSF进行二级预防。而卵巢癌患者多数时间在院外,所以需要患者主动进行不良事件监测,2017年ASCO公布的一项研究显示,患者主动自我报告疾病症状相对于常规监测的OS提高了5.2个月(31.2 vs. 26.0 m, p = 0.03)2。所以患者不良反应的评估预防和监控是全程管理不可或缺的一环。

化疗剂量强度的全程管理

化疗是把双刃剑,它在治疗卵巢癌患者的同时也会给患者带来不良反应,我们在治疗过程当中理所当然要关注疗效,也不能忽略对不良反应发生的预防和治疗。诊疗过程中遇到化疗后严重不良反应时,我们可能会减低化疗剂量或延迟化疗时间,但这样会影响患者化疗疗效。一项研究显示,与剂量强度降低<15%的患者相比,剂量降低≥15%中位生存期缩短近一年(3.2 VS 2.3年),死亡风险增加48.5%3。为了更好处理这些问题,我们要在化疗前对患者进行评估,对患者化疗后各种不良反应发生风险进行分层处理,通过相应的手段来预防和治疗,尽可能保障化疗相对剂量强度,提高疗效,延长中位生存期,提高生存率。4所以,对化疗可能发生不良反应进行评估分层,及时预防、积极治疗,有效保障化疗剂量强度与安全,实现全程管理,将使患者有更多的临床获益。

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    2018-05-01 jihuaijun1112

    学习学习学习

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    2018-05-01 jihuaijun1112

    学习学习学习

    0

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    2018-04-28 jihuaijun1112

    休息休息就行了.

    0

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    2018-04-28 jihuaijun1112

    学习学习学习.

    0

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    2018-04-27 jihuaijun1112

    学习学习学习

    0

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