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PNAS:干细胞释放的微囊泡有望更安全地治疗大脑放射损伤

2016-04-12 生物谷 生物谷

已证实干细胞有望治疗癌症放疗导致的大脑区域损伤。在一项新的研究中,来自美国加州大学欧文分校的研究人员发现来自干细胞的微囊泡也提供类似的益处,同时不会产生利用干细胞治疗时产生的一些风险。相关研究结果于2016年4月4日在线发表在PNAS期刊上,论文标题为“Cranial grafting of stem cell-derived microvesicles improves cognition

已证实干细胞有望治疗癌症放疗导致的大脑区域损伤。在一项新的研究中,来自美国加州大学欧文分校的研究人员发现来自干细胞的微囊泡也提供类似的益处,同时不会产生利用干细胞治疗时产生的一些风险。相关研究结果于2016年4月4日在线发表在PNAS期刊上,论文标题为“Cranial grafting of stem cell-derived microvesicles improves cognition and reduces neuropathology in the irradiated brain”。
 
在针对大鼠开展的研究中,在颅脑照射两天后,移植这些由干细胞分泌的被称作微囊泡(microvesicle)的膜结构恢复认知功能、降低炎症和保护神经元(基于为期4到6周的评估),而且没有明显的免疫排斥和肿瘤生长---两种干细胞相关风险因子---迹象。
 
微囊泡是由所有人细胞分泌的细小的充满液体的囊泡,是外泌体的一种形式。它们内部含有大量的生物活性运载物(蛋白和RNA等等)。在大脑中,它们有助调节神经元健康和功能。微囊泡也能够在组织再生中发挥着重要作用。
 
在这项新的研究中,加州大学欧文分校放射肿瘤学教授Charles Limoli及其同事们分离和取出多潜能人神经干细胞分泌的微囊泡。通过将一系列注射到大鼠海马体上的区域---一个已知产生新神经元的区域,微囊泡被移植到已经历放射治疗的大鼠的大脑中。每次注射物含有2微升微囊泡。
 
从放射治疗一个月后开始,这些接受微囊泡注射的大鼠表现出显著的认知改善(基于4种独立的行为任务测试)。Limoli说,这些认知益处与神经炎症和神经元结构保留---大脑放射损伤的两种典型症状---明显减少相关联,从而阻止或逆转这两种症状。
 
2011年,Limoli在一项利用多潜能人神经干细胞开展的研究(Cancer Research, 15 July 2011, doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-11-0027)中报道过类似的结果。然而,干细胞可能会产生一些风险,比如身体免疫系统排斥,改变现存肿瘤生长或者形成畸胎瘤,而利用微囊泡进行治疗产生的风险并没有这么多。
 
Limoli说,“利用微囊泡替代干细胞的策略优势在于它们消除对畸胎瘤形成的任何担忧,而且让与免疫排斥相关联的副作用显著最小化。”
 
脑瘤放疗因不知周围组织是否能够很好地耐受放疗而受到限制。接受有效放疗剂量治疗的病人遭受不同程度的学习和记忆丧失,从而对他们的生活质量产生负面影响。
 
Limoli说,在未来还需进一步开展研究以便鉴定出微囊泡内产生这种神经保护效应的特异性因子,和确定这些有益效果能够持续多长时间。

原始出处:
Baulch JE, Acharya MM, Allen BD, Ru N, Chmielewski NN, Martirosian V, Giedzinski E, Syage A, Park AL, Benke SN, Parihar VK, Limoli CL. Cranial grafting of stem cell-derived microvesicles improves cognition and reduces neuropathology in the irradiated brain.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2016 Apr 4. pii: 201521668.

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    2016-08-16 drwjr
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1855821, encodeId=a9c1185582160, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f32014428fc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#PNAS#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=14428, encryptionId=f32014428fc, topicName=PNAS)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=08e964, createdName=drwjr, createdTime=Tue Aug 16 22:03:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=77972, encodeId=9ee8e797253, content=高大上的文章, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=176, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=240a1683959, createdName=李继凯, createdTime=Thu Apr 14 18:10:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=77973, encodeId=1c2fe7973cf, content=值得学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=152, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=240a1683959, createdName=李继凯, createdTime=Thu Apr 14 18:10:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1397000, encodeId=f515139e00034, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=8bee565436d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#损伤#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=72, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=56543, encryptionId=8bee565436d, topicName=损伤)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/DYAIOgq83eoNX3lUOlDKGBUEPNwZx0nibmdcFyeibnX4WMhUSCU2REpGRWtSmnT2CCs0dA5waxvJknYDxwtYnIcQ/132, createdBy=294e2500218, createdName=ms3046638856685384, createdTime=Thu Apr 14 05:03:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1599804, encodeId=f5cb1599804d8, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=be324039e31' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#囊泡#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=75, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=40397, encryptionId=be324039e31, topicName=囊泡)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=86bc18759177, createdName=charl1234573, createdTime=Thu Apr 14 05:03:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-14, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-04-14 李继凯

    高大上的文章

    0

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    2016-04-14 李继凯

    值得学习

    0

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