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Nat Commun:自身免疫疾病男女有别,是因为雄激素?

2016-04-28 佚名 不详

最近在《自然通信》杂志发表一篇研究论文,提出雄激素能通过一种自身免疫调节蛋白发挥控制自身免疫疾病发生的作用,如果这一作用在人类也非常明确,那么可以使用雄激素作为一大类自身免疫疾病治疗的方法,不过使用这一方法副作用显然非常巨大。 流行病学的统计显示,男性在多发性硬化以及其他T细胞介导的自身免疫性疾病中并不常见。其可能的原因或可与男性雄性激素的高水平表达有关。然而雄性激素对免疫系统的调节作用尚不明确

最近在《自然通信》杂志发表一篇研究论文,提出雄激素能通过一种自身免疫调节蛋白发挥控制自身免疫疾病发生的作用,如果这一作用在人类也非常明确,那么可以使用雄激素作为一大类自身免疫疾病治疗的方法,不过使用这一方法副作用显然非常巨大。

流行病学的统计显示,男性在多发性硬化以及其他T细胞介导的自身免疫性疾病中并不常见。其可能的原因或可与男性雄性激素的高水平表达有关。然而雄性激素对免疫系统的调节作用尚不明确。

免疫调节因子 (Aire)是一种通过促进自体抗原(TSA)在髓样胸腺上皮细胞(mTEC)的表达来调节自身免疫耐受的蛋白。在胸腺中,如果发育中的T细胞与TSA具有高亲和力,则会进行负向选择(即进入凋亡途径),防止自体激活的T细胞释放到外周循环,导致自体免疫损伤。Aire也通过其他方式组织自身免疫的进展,例如促进Treg细胞的分化和促进T细胞负向分化的细胞因子的表达。因此,Aire在维持T细胞自身耐受中起到非常重要作用。

T细胞阳性选择和阴性选择。胸腺中发育的T细胞能够识别自身主要组织相容性复合体(MHC)的胸腺细胞发生阳性选择而存活下来,不能识别自身MHC分子的胸腺细胞发生凋亡;既能识别自身MHC也能识别自身抗原肽的胸腺细胞发生阴性选择,接受凋亡信号而被淘汰。

本文假设雄性激素结合受体可以上调AIRE来起到免疫保护作用。文中表明,雄性(包含人类和动物)胸腺中存在高表达的Aire ,去势老鼠或AR受体敲除可以导致Aire的下降。并且,给予雄性激素影响可以在体外增加Aire的含量。最后,文章展示了雄性激素和性别偏差在多发性硬化模型中的保护作用,并且是通过AIRE发挥的这种作用。

结果部分重点看了第4部分,即雄性激素通过上调Aire缓解了EAE的严重程度。分两个部分:

1 MOG在胸腺mTECs中表达水平的比较,与对照组相比,Aire敲除鼠表达水平下降

2 行为学评分和脱髓鞘染色以及炎症因子测定:雄性激素治疗对未敲除Aire组有保护作用,而对Aire敲除组无保护作用。

需要注意的是,数据并未表明雄性激素的保护作用是直接通过AIRE介导的。例如,雄性激素也可以影响Treg细胞的发育,雄性激素或许是通过促进Treg细胞发挥作用的,这一部分文章并未讨论。

原始出处:

Zhu ML, Bakhru P, Conley B, Nelson JS, Free M, Martin A, Starmer J, Wilson EM, Su MA.Sex bias in CNS autoimmune disease mediated by androgen control of autoimmune regulator.Nat Commun. 2016 Apr 13;7:11350. doi: 10.1038/ncomms11350.

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    2017-03-06 liye789132251
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    2016-06-10 liuli5079
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    2016-05-02 卡莲

    激素的作用很重要

    0

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    2016-05-02 卡莲

    0

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