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[ESC 2012]新吞咽功能评估法减少脑卒中患者肺炎发病率

2012-06-17 陈蓉 国际循环网

2012年第21届欧洲卒中会议上,一项最新研究结果显示,检查脑卒中患者是否存在吞咽困难可使其肺炎发病率下降75%,且此项检查简便易行,敏感性与特异性均高。    过去常用的Mann吞咽能力评估(MASA) 约需1小时,而改进式Mann吞咽能力评估(Modified Mann Assessment of Swallowing Ability,MMASA)仅需5分钟,可作为入院常规筛查在床旁进行。如果

2012年第21届欧洲卒中会议上,一项最新研究结果显示,检查脑卒中患者是否存在吞咽困难可使其肺炎发病率下降75%,且此项检查简便易行,敏感性与特异性均高。
  
过去常用的Mann吞咽能力评估(MASA) 约需1小时,而改进式Mann吞咽能力评估(Modified Mann Assessment of Swallowing Ability,MMASA)仅需5分钟,可作为入院常规筛查在床旁进行。如果患者不存在吞咽困难,则可以进食。MMASA从10个方面对吞咽能力进行评估,每项的满分均为10分,总分为100分,以97分作为切点,敏感性为72.3%,特异性为79.2%,阳性预测价值为75.6%,阴性预测价值为81.8%。
  
这项研究在英国Frenchay医院进行,于2009年11月到2011年1月间共纳入100例急性脑卒中患者,平均年龄为78.3岁,男女各半。平均检查时间为发病后55小时,入院后38小时。采用MMASA进行筛查,发现47%的患者存在吞咽困难。Baldwin医生介绍说,在Frenchay医院的脑卒中病房中,每年有12%的患者发生肺炎;而在整个英国,这个数字是16%。采用了这套筛查系统之后,Frenchay医院急性脑卒中患者肺炎的发病率降至3%。据估计,40%-65%的急性脑卒中患者存在吞咽困难。英国指南推荐入院后4小时内对吞咽困难进行筛查,但既有的MASA检查耗时长,难以短期得到评估结果;而新方法简单易行,可以作为常规入院筛查使用。 .

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