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Science:低剂量的Moderna新冠疫苗可引发持久的免疫反应

2021-09-27 towersimper MedSci原创

这个疫苗剂量是是美国食品药品管理局(FDA)紧急授权的100微克Moderna新冠疫苗剂量的四分之一。

在一项新的研究中,来自美国拉霍亚免疫学研究所(LJI)的研究人员有助于回答一个问题:接种疫苗的人对COVID-19的免疫力能持续多长时间?他们报告,低剂量的Moderna mRNA-1273新冠疫苗产生的免疫力至少可以持续六个月,而且没有迹象表明接种者需要加强注射。相关研究结果于2021年9月14日在线发表在Science期刊上,论文标题为“Low-dose mRNA-1273 COVID-19 vaccine generates durable memory enhanced by cross-reactive T cells”。

 

论文共同通讯作者、LJI研究助理教授Daniela Weiskopf博士说,“这个时间点很关键,因为这时真正的免疫记忆已经形成。”另外两名论文共同通讯作者是LJI的Alessandro Sette教授和Shane Crotty教授。

事实上,虽然Moderna mRNA-1273新冠疫苗在临床试验参与者完全接种后至少6个月内导致了强烈的CD4+(辅助性)T细胞、CD8+(杀伤性)T细胞和抗体反应,但这种免疫反应很可能会持续更长时间。这些作者还发现,这种强大的免疫记忆在所有测试的年龄组中都持续存在,包括70岁以上的人,这是一个特别容易受到严重COVID-19影响的人群。

Crotty补充说,“免疫记忆很稳定,这令人印象深刻。这是衡量mRNA疫苗持久性的一个很好的指标。” 

将Moderna疫苗与自然免疫进行比较

这些作者将康复的COVID-19患者与在1期临床试验期间接受了25微克剂量的Moderna新冠疫苗接种的试验参与者进行了比较。论文第一作者、LJI博士后研究员Jose Mateus Triviño说,“我们想看看四分之一的剂量是否能够诱发任何免疫反应。我们有机会收到来自最初的Moderna/NIH 1期试验参与者的样本,他们接受了两次25微克的Moderna疫苗注射,间隔28天。”

这个疫苗剂量是是美国食品药品管理局(FDA)紧急授权的100微克Moderna新冠疫苗剂量的四分之一。虽然这些作者不知道这种较小的剂量是否与标准剂量一样有效,但这项新研究表明,较小剂量组的T细胞和抗体反应仍然很强。

 


从美国患者身上分离出的新型冠状病毒感染症(导致COVID-19的冠状病毒)SARS-CoV-2的透射电子显微镜图像显示,在实验室培养的细胞表面出现了病毒颗粒。冠状病毒的名字来源于病毒颗粒外边缘的冠状刺突。图片来自NIAID-RML。

事实上,这些作者发现,Moderna新冠疫苗刺激了对SARS-CoV-2刺突蛋白(一个关键靶标)的适应性免疫反应,几乎与免疫系统对SARS-CoV-2自然感染的反应相同。Weiskopf 说,“这种免疫反应是可比较的。它不高也不低。”

 这项新的研究并没有显示较低剂量的Moderna新冠疫苗提供与标准剂量相同的保护。Crotty 说,“这将需要一项临床试验来告诉低剂量的保护性如何。” 

普通感冒冠状病毒确实为免疫系统做好了准备

这项新的研究还显示了“交叉反应性”T细胞的力量。在2020年的一项发表在Science期刊上的研究中,LJI团队显示,从普通感冒冠状病毒中康复的人的T细胞可以对新型冠状病毒SARS-CoV-2作出反应(Science, 2020, doi:10.1126/science.abd3871)。当时,他们不知道这种交叉反应性是否真能保护人们免受COVID-19的侵害。Sette说,“了解交叉反应性T细胞的作用很重要,因为T细胞在控制和解决COVID-19感染中发挥着重要作用。”

对于这项新的研究,这些作者发现,具有交叉反应性T细胞的人对两种剂量的Moderna新冠疫苗都有明显更强的CD4+T细胞和抗体反应。Sette说,“如果你有这种免疫反应性,你的免疫系统可能会更快地启动对抗这种病毒。已有多项研究表明,免疫系统的反应速度是关键。” 

Moderna新冠疫苗激活了“杀伤性”T细胞 

该团队还填补了COVID-19疫苗研究中的一个重要空白。到目前为止,许多研究显示了对Moderna新冠疫苗的有效CD4+T细胞反应,但CD8+T细胞反应的数据却缺乏。Mateus Triviño说,“我们知道自然感染者和康复者对SARS-CoV-2产生了很好的CD8+T细胞反应;然而,人们对mRNA疫苗产生的CD8+T细胞感到担忧。”

Sette说,这项新的研究显示了对低剂量Moderna新冠疫苗的强烈CD8+T细胞反应,类似于患者对抗自然SARS-CoV-2感染后的反应。Weiskopf补充说,“我们看到了强大的CD8+T细胞反应---我们用多种检测方法证明了这一点。”

接下来,Weiskopf和她的同事们正在调查这种疫苗持久性是否也适用于其他类型的COVID-19疫苗?与此同时,Weiskopf说,现实世界的数据表明,免疫记忆确实可以持续。他们还对Moderna新冠疫苗与其他正在使用的COVID-19疫苗相比的持久性感兴趣。 

参考资料:
Jose Mateus et al. Low-dose mRNA-1273 COVID-19 vaccine generates durable memory enhanced by cross-reactive T cells. Science, 2021, doi:10.1126/science.abj9853.

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    2022-06-26 般若傻瓜
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    2021-09-29 jichang
  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2008797, encodeId=5f252008e97c3, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=db6969548d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#eRNA#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=86, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=6954, encryptionId=db6969548d, topicName=eRNA)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=ad9f79, createdName=般若傻瓜, createdTime=Sun Jun 26 11:51:44 CST 2022, time=2022-06-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1280248, encodeId=927c1280248a3, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2bbe289846f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#免疫反应#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=28984, encryptionId=2bbe289846f, topicName=免疫反应)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=827b160, createdName=cnxcy, createdTime=Wed Sep 29 08:51:44 CST 2021, time=2021-09-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1376355, encodeId=01a113e635516, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2949159989d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#SCIE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=69, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=15998, encryptionId=2949159989d, topicName=SCIE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=17a3387, createdName=jichang, createdTime=Wed Sep 29 08:51:44 CST 2021, time=2021-09-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1480607, encodeId=b7b8148060ed1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=647d2615939' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#低剂量#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=74, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=26159, encryptionId=647d2615939, topicName=低剂量)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=97b17641126, createdName=ms1292405679162969, createdTime=Wed Sep 29 08:51:44 CST 2021, time=2021-09-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1055655, encodeId=a8f210556553c, content=没事就可以好好学习一下。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=84, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=cfc84293490, createdName=13f0c37dm61暂无昵称, createdTime=Tue Sep 28 11:49:07 CST 2021, time=2021-09-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1055581, encodeId=b7421055581c9, content=卡恩兔读啊怕热特特, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=87, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTIrrxxDxnLic8t6EAs38Qfwo6H2h6JMleIgb9OSYf6LMnVDkQEqUXWoSDWboibjhOBI9SJDTXweqQIA/132, createdBy=50aa5321359, createdName=查查佳佳, createdTime=Tue Sep 28 08:43:02 CST 2021, time=2021-09-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1055566, encodeId=95741055566c4, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=90, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=64745612835, createdName=zerohahaha, createdTime=Tue Sep 28 08:09:26 CST 2021, time=2021-09-28, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2008797, encodeId=5f252008e97c3, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=db6969548d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#eRNA#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=86, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=6954, encryptionId=db6969548d, topicName=eRNA)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=ad9f79, createdName=般若傻瓜, createdTime=Sun Jun 26 11:51:44 CST 2022, time=2022-06-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1280248, encodeId=927c1280248a3, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2bbe289846f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#免疫反应#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=28984, encryptionId=2bbe289846f, topicName=免疫反应)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=827b160, createdName=cnxcy, createdTime=Wed Sep 29 08:51:44 CST 2021, time=2021-09-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1376355, encodeId=01a113e635516, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2949159989d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#SCIE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=69, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=15998, encryptionId=2949159989d, topicName=SCIE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=17a3387, createdName=jichang, createdTime=Wed Sep 29 08:51:44 CST 2021, time=2021-09-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1480607, encodeId=b7b8148060ed1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=647d2615939' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#低剂量#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=74, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=26159, encryptionId=647d2615939, topicName=低剂量)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=97b17641126, createdName=ms1292405679162969, createdTime=Wed Sep 29 08:51:44 CST 2021, time=2021-09-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1055655, encodeId=a8f210556553c, content=没事就可以好好学习一下。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=84, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=cfc84293490, createdName=13f0c37dm61暂无昵称, createdTime=Tue Sep 28 11:49:07 CST 2021, time=2021-09-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1055581, encodeId=b7421055581c9, content=卡恩兔读啊怕热特特, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=87, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTIrrxxDxnLic8t6EAs38Qfwo6H2h6JMleIgb9OSYf6LMnVDkQEqUXWoSDWboibjhOBI9SJDTXweqQIA/132, createdBy=50aa5321359, createdName=查查佳佳, createdTime=Tue Sep 28 08:43:02 CST 2021, time=2021-09-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1055566, encodeId=95741055566c4, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=90, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=64745612835, createdName=zerohahaha, createdTime=Tue Sep 28 08:09:26 CST 2021, time=2021-09-28, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-09-28 13f0c37dm61暂无昵称

    没事就可以好好学习一下。

    0

  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2008797, encodeId=5f252008e97c3, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=db6969548d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#eRNA#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=86, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=6954, encryptionId=db6969548d, topicName=eRNA)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=ad9f79, createdName=般若傻瓜, createdTime=Sun Jun 26 11:51:44 CST 2022, time=2022-06-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1280248, encodeId=927c1280248a3, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2bbe289846f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#免疫反应#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=28984, encryptionId=2bbe289846f, topicName=免疫反应)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=827b160, createdName=cnxcy, createdTime=Wed Sep 29 08:51:44 CST 2021, time=2021-09-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1376355, encodeId=01a113e635516, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2949159989d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#SCIE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=69, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=15998, encryptionId=2949159989d, topicName=SCIE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=17a3387, createdName=jichang, createdTime=Wed Sep 29 08:51:44 CST 2021, time=2021-09-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1480607, encodeId=b7b8148060ed1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=647d2615939' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#低剂量#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=74, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=26159, encryptionId=647d2615939, topicName=低剂量)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=97b17641126, createdName=ms1292405679162969, createdTime=Wed Sep 29 08:51:44 CST 2021, time=2021-09-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1055655, encodeId=a8f210556553c, content=没事就可以好好学习一下。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=84, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=cfc84293490, createdName=13f0c37dm61暂无昵称, createdTime=Tue Sep 28 11:49:07 CST 2021, time=2021-09-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1055581, encodeId=b7421055581c9, content=卡恩兔读啊怕热特特, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=87, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTIrrxxDxnLic8t6EAs38Qfwo6H2h6JMleIgb9OSYf6LMnVDkQEqUXWoSDWboibjhOBI9SJDTXweqQIA/132, createdBy=50aa5321359, createdName=查查佳佳, createdTime=Tue Sep 28 08:43:02 CST 2021, time=2021-09-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1055566, encodeId=95741055566c4, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=90, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=64745612835, createdName=zerohahaha, createdTime=Tue Sep 28 08:09:26 CST 2021, time=2021-09-28, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-09-28 查查佳佳

    卡恩兔读啊怕热特特

    0

  7. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2008797, encodeId=5f252008e97c3, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=db6969548d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#eRNA#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=86, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=6954, encryptionId=db6969548d, topicName=eRNA)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=ad9f79, createdName=般若傻瓜, createdTime=Sun Jun 26 11:51:44 CST 2022, time=2022-06-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1280248, encodeId=927c1280248a3, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2bbe289846f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#免疫反应#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=28984, encryptionId=2bbe289846f, topicName=免疫反应)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=827b160, createdName=cnxcy, createdTime=Wed Sep 29 08:51:44 CST 2021, time=2021-09-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1376355, encodeId=01a113e635516, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2949159989d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#SCIE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=69, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=15998, encryptionId=2949159989d, topicName=SCIE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=17a3387, createdName=jichang, createdTime=Wed Sep 29 08:51:44 CST 2021, time=2021-09-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1480607, encodeId=b7b8148060ed1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=647d2615939' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#低剂量#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=74, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=26159, encryptionId=647d2615939, topicName=低剂量)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=97b17641126, createdName=ms1292405679162969, createdTime=Wed Sep 29 08:51:44 CST 2021, time=2021-09-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1055655, encodeId=a8f210556553c, content=没事就可以好好学习一下。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=84, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=cfc84293490, createdName=13f0c37dm61暂无昵称, createdTime=Tue Sep 28 11:49:07 CST 2021, time=2021-09-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1055581, encodeId=b7421055581c9, content=卡恩兔读啊怕热特特, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=87, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTIrrxxDxnLic8t6EAs38Qfwo6H2h6JMleIgb9OSYf6LMnVDkQEqUXWoSDWboibjhOBI9SJDTXweqQIA/132, createdBy=50aa5321359, createdName=查查佳佳, createdTime=Tue Sep 28 08:43:02 CST 2021, time=2021-09-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1055566, encodeId=95741055566c4, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=90, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=64745612835, createdName=zerohahaha, createdTime=Tue Sep 28 08:09:26 CST 2021, time=2021-09-28, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-09-28 zerohahaha

    学习了

    0

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