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JNCI:发现新的遗传性神经内分泌肿瘤的基因突变

2015-04-01 Zhang JL译 MedSci原创

由Alberto Cascon和Mercedes Robledo带领的西班牙国家癌症研究中心(CNIO)遗传性内分泌癌症研究人员团队发现了存在于MDH2基因的突变。该基因变异是存在于一个家庭中的非常罕见的神经内分泌肿瘤与高遗传相关组件——肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤和副神经节瘤,分别影响肾上腺和甲状旁腺(在中枢神经系统中的嗜铬细胞)。这项研究发表在最新一期Journal of the National Can

由Alberto Cascon和Mercedes Robledo带领的西班牙国家癌症研究中心(CNIO)遗传性内分泌癌症研究人员团队发现了存在于MDH2基因的突变。该基因变异是存在于一个家庭中的非常罕见的神经内分泌肿瘤与高遗传相关组件——肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤和副神经节瘤,分别影响肾上腺和甲状旁腺(在中枢神经系统中的嗜铬细胞)。这项研究发表在最新一期Journal of the National Cancer Institute杂志上。

肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤和副神经节瘤是罕见的疾病,发病率约为每百万居民3-8例。尽管这种疾病的发病率很低,但他们却代表了一种遗传性癌症的范式,因为他们具有最高的肿瘤遗传易感性:大约50%的病人继承和/或传播发展这种癌症易感性。

此前,研究人员已经确定11个负责肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤和副神经节瘤的主要基因突变。 其中6个参与细胞的新陈代谢,更具体地说,包括Krebs循环——细胞为获得能量而燃烧氧气的细胞活动。

细胞内代谢与癌症

以一个多个恶性肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤和副神经节瘤的肿瘤患者为对象,研究人员对能够指导蛋白质合成的模板基因——全外显子组进行测序。结果表明这个肿瘤在11个与遗传易感性有关疾病发展的基因中并没有发现基因突变。

在分析和过滤近80000个样本后,发现存在于MDH2基因中的突变与这一类肿瘤的发展相关,而此前并没有相关文献报道。此外,“在该患者一级亲属中的发现同样突变的存在,其中一人随后被诊断出患有这种疾病,证实了这种基因突变的遗传性质。”Cascon解释道。

这项新发现证实代谢和这种类型肿瘤发展之间的关系。这些患者肿瘤细胞中Krebs循环基因的突变所引起的代谢改变,导致特定代谢产物的积累。而这些被称为oncometabolites的代谢物,则能够引起基因组的表观遗传变化进而导致全基因组表达的变化,最终诱导肿瘤的发生。

提高基因诊断水平


肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤和副神经节瘤通常是良性肿瘤,尽管大约10-25%的患者可能出现转移。 这是由于患者的Krebs循环基因发生突变,导致其肿瘤细胞转移的可能性增加了50%。

出于这个原因,“这些病人的基因诊断是非常重要的。新基因的识别不仅会促成发病前的优先诊断,而且也将有助于识别患者有可能发展转移的情况。”Cascon解释道。

研究结论表明,应该旨在寻找这些肿瘤患者的新代谢异常。“现在我们正在与欧洲ENS@AT财团合作研究肾上腺肿瘤,以继续调查MDH2在疾病中的作用。正是因为这些是罕见病,因此只有用这种方法,我们才能够通过获得大量的病人来进一步深入我们的研究。”科学家们解释道。

原始出处:


Cascon, I. Comino-Mendez, M. Curras-Freixes, A. A. de Cubas, L. Contreras, S. Richter, M. Peitzsch, V. Mancikova, L. Inglada-Perez, A. Perez-Barrios, M. Calatayud, S. Azriel, R. Villar-Vicente, J. Aller, F. Setien, S. Moran, J. F. Garcia, A. Rio-Machin, R. Leton, A. Gomez-Grana, M. Apellaniz-Ruiz, G. Roncador, M. Esteller, C. Rodriguez-Antona, J. Satrustegui, G. Eisenhofer, M. Urioste, M. Robledo. Whole-Exome Sequencing Identifies MDH2 as a New Familial Paraganglioma Gene. JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 2015; 107 (5): djv053 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djv053

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    2015-05-24 ljjj1053

    不错,学习了

    0

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    2015-06-17 gwc392

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