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JNNP:口服抗凝剂患者的小血管疾病负担与脑出血

2021-04-09 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

脑小血管病(SVD)是非创伤性自发性脑出血(ICH)的绝大多数病因,在神经影像学上可以确定SVD的几个标志物。在MRI上,可以诊断脑微出血、皮质浅铁质沉着、血管周围间隙、白质高信号、腔隙和萎缩。在CT

脑小血管病(SVD)是非创伤性自发性脑出血(ICH)的绝大多数病因,在神经影像学上可以确定SVD的几个标志物。在MRI上,可以诊断脑微出血、皮质浅铁质沉着、血管周围间隙、白质高信号、腔隙和萎缩。在CT上,可以测量脑白质疏松、腔隙和萎缩。假设脑SVD(引起脑小血管脆性)是口服抗凝剂患者发生脑出血的一个重要潜在因素。因此,SVD应:(1)在ICH患者的横断面分析中高度流行并与先前使用的抗凝剂相关;(2)在无口服抗凝剂治疗的非ICH患者的前瞻性分析中预测ICH。本文分析了来自两个独立队列的数据,通过关联强度、一致性、暂时性和一致性(如Bradford-Hill标准所述),获得SVD和抗凝剂相关ICH之间因果关系的补充证据线。本文旨在确定:(1)首次口服抗凝剂的心房颤动(AF)患者基线SVD负荷与ICH和缺血性卒中未来风险的关系;与未接受抗凝治疗的脑出血患者相比,接受抗凝治疗的脑出血患者CT和MRI上SVD标记物的患病率和严重程度以及总体SVD负担。

 患者微出血的临床相关性研究包括两个独立的多中心观察研究:第一,脑出血患者的横断面研究;第二,脑缺血后服用抗凝剂治疗心房颤动(AF)患者的前瞻性研究。在脑出血患者中, 根据先前的抗凝治疗比较了CT和MRI上的SVD标记物。在接受抗凝剂治疗的房颤和脑缺血患者中, 根据SVD负荷评分在2年随访期间比较了ICH和缺血性中风的发生率。

Figure 1

研究流程图

纳入了1030例ICH患者(421例抗凝剂)和1447例AF和脑缺血患者。 与未进行抗凝治疗的患者相比,中重度SVD在抗凝相关ICH患者(CT 56.1%,MRI 78.7%)中更为普遍(CT 43.5%,p <0.001; MRI 64.5%,p = 0.072) 。 与先前的抗凝治疗相关的脑白质疏松和萎缩更为常见和严重。 在脑缺血队列(779例SVD)中,在3366个患者一年的随访期间,SVD患者的ICH率为0.56%/年(IQR 0.27–1.03),以及0.06%/年(IQR 0.00-0.35) )在没有(p = 0.001)的人中; ICH与SVD的严重程度独立相关(HR 5.0,95%≤CI1.9至12.2,p = 0.001),并通过包括SVD的模型预测(c指数0.75,95%≤CI0.63至0.85)。

Figure 3

根据小血管疾病(SVD)负荷(A,B),HAS-BLED评分(针对脑出血)(C)和CHA2DS2 VASc(针对复发性缺血性中风)(D),脑出血(A,C)和复发性缺血性中风(B,D)的Kaplan-Meier曲线。

中重度SVD与抗凝治疗的ICH相关,并独立预测服用抗凝治疗的AF患者的ICH;如果没有SVD,则表明患者发生ICH的风险较低。这两项补充研究的结果表明,在服用抗凝剂的患者中,SVD是ICH的一个促发因素,提示单纯抗凝不应再被视为ICH的充分“病因”。

 

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