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心衰生物标志物“眼花缭乱”?且看全新中国共识

2020-06-04 中国循环杂志 中国循环杂志

人体很精密,会通过释放一些“信号”来表达心脏健康,比如生物标志物,如何更好应用这生物标志物来预测、早期诊断以及评估预后、指导治疗心衰?

人体很精密,会通过释放一些“信号”来表达心脏健康,比如生物标志物,如何更好应用这生物标志物来预测、早期诊断以及评估预后、指导治疗心衰?

近日,中国医疗保健国际交流促进会循证医学分会以及海峡两岸医药卫生交流协会老年医学专业委员会组织相关专家共同发布了《心力衰竭生物标志物中国专家共识》,以助力心衰管理。

预测心衰的发生

①测量心肌负荷标志物、心肌损伤标志物、肾功能不全标志物能有效预测心衰的发生,联合测量能显著提高预测价值。(Ⅰ类推荐)

②B型钠尿肽(BNP)/N末端前体BNP(NT-proBNP)单用或联合肌钙蛋白T(TnT)/肌钙蛋白I(TnI)或联合尿白蛋白肌酐比(UACR)对新发心衰有一定的预测作用。(Ⅰ类推荐)

③BNP/NT-proBNP,TnT/TnI 联合炎症指标可溶性ST2(sST2),生长分化因子15(GDF-15)对新发心衰有一定的预测作用。(Ⅱa类推荐)

④单独应用肾功能不全标志物(胱抑素-C,UACR)、炎症因子(TNF-α,IL-6,CRP或Gal-3)对新发心衰的预测作用较弱。(Ⅱb类推荐)

心衰的诊断

急性失代偿性心衰的诊断

①BNP和NT-proBNP可用作急性心衰的诊断标志物,尤其在临床情况不明了的情况下,具有很高的阴性预测值。(Ⅰ类推荐)

②BNP<100 pg/ml可用于排除急性失代偿性心衰的诊断,有较高的阴性预测值。(Ⅰ类推荐)

③NT-proBNP 可用作急性心衰标志物,界值450 pg/ml(<50岁),900 pg/ml(50~75岁),1 800 pg/ml(大于75岁),有较高阴性预测值。(Ⅰ类推荐)

④BNP>400 pg/ml 或NT-proBNP>450 pg/ml(<50岁),900 pg/ml(50~75岁),1 800 pg/ml(大于75岁)应考虑心衰的诊断。(Ⅱa类推荐)

⑤房颤或脓毒血症时BNP对心衰的诊断价值有限。(Ⅱb类推荐)

⑥sST2对急性失代偿性心衰的诊断有重要的辅助作用,具有较高的阴性预测值。(Ⅱa类推荐)

射血分数保留的心衰(HFpEF)的诊断

①BNP ≥100 pg/ml或NT-proBNP ≥800 pg/ml可作为HFpEF的诊断界值,合并肺疾病、肾功能不全、肥胖等临床情况时,BNP的界值应上下微调。(Ⅱa类推荐)

②BNP联合舒张功能标志物、心肌重构标志物、炎症标志物等可以提高HFpEF的诊断效能。(Ⅱb类推荐)

心衰的预后评估

慢性心衰的预后评估

①BNP/NT-proBNP可作为预后评估的有效手段,伴随心功能分级、血流动力学数据的恶化,指导意义更大。(Ⅰ类推荐)

②cTn也可作为预后评估的指标,高敏肌钙蛋白(hs-cTn)具有更高的灵敏度,对心衰患者预后价值更大。(Ⅰ类推荐)

③sST2可作为心衰患者预后评估的参考,重复测量出现动态升高者提示预后差。(Ⅱa)

④肾上腺髓质素前体中段肽(MR-proADM)对评估心衰患者的短期预后有一定意义。(Ⅱb)

急性心衰的预后评估

①BNP 大于480~840 ng/ml 或NT-proBNP 大于1 000 pg/ml 的患者事件率显著升高,出院前BNP/NT-proBNP水平及住院期间变化率对于急性心衰预后评估更有意义。(Ⅰ类推荐)

②cTn阴性可作为急性心衰高危患者的排除标准之一。(Ⅰ类推荐)

③sST2单次测量或多次测量动态升高提示急性心衰患者预后不良,可作为BNP/NT-proBNP的补充。(Ⅱa类推荐)

④MR-proADM的升高对急性心衰短期预后有指导作用。(Ⅱb类推荐)

HFpEF的预后评估

①NT-proBNP也可用作HFpEF预后的评估,但证据较少。NT-proBNP>300 pg/ml提示预后不良。(Ⅱa类推荐)

②半乳糖凝集素3(Gal-3)在HFpEF的预后评估和危险分层中有一定作用,但在肾功能不全患者中评估价值有限。(Ⅱb类推荐)

③sST2对HFpEF 的预后评估有一定作用。(Ⅱb类推荐)

对心衰治疗的指导

评估急性心衰疗效

①BNP/NT-proBNP、cTn和sST2在急性心衰治疗期间的回落水平有助于评价治疗效果,但其理想回落水平尚未确定。(Ⅱa类推荐)

②Gal-3不适合急性心衰治疗效果的评估。(Ⅲ类推荐)

③肾功能标志物(血肌酐、尿素、胱抑素-C)对急性心衰疗效有一定指导作用。(Ⅱb类推荐)

指导慢性心衰的治疗

①以BNP/NT-proBNP作为慢性心衰的治疗目标是否能够获益尚缺乏可靠的证据。(Ⅱb类推荐)

②sST2和Gal-3水平对慢性心衰的治疗选择可能有一定的提示作用。(Ⅱb类推荐)

来源:

中国医疗保健国际交流促进会循证医学分会,海峡两岸医药卫生交流协会老年医学专业委员会.心力衰竭生物标志物中国专家共识.中华检验医学杂志,2020,43(02): 130-141.

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    2020-08-13 CenT0

    学习了

    0

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