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J Thorac Oncol:揭示饮酒和遗传交互作用增高食管鳞癌患病风险

2019-04-26 不详 复旦大学生命科学学院

近日,复旦大学人类表型组研究院青年研究员陈兴栋团队、遗传工程国家重点实验室公共卫生学院青年副研究员索晨团队,联合山东大学教授吕明团队共同攻关,揭示了饮酒和酒精代谢相关遗传因素的交互作用能显着增加食管鳞癌的发病风险,强调了过量饮酒的危害性。特别是在体内缺乏乙醛脱氢酶的人群中,此风险更强。4月,该研究成果发表在Journal of Thoracic Oncology上。

近日,复旦大学人类表型组研究院青年研究员陈兴栋团队、遗传工程国家重点实验室公共卫生学院青年副研究员索晨团队,联合山东大学教授吕明团队共同攻关,揭示了饮酒和酒精代谢相关遗传因素的交互作用能显着增加食管鳞癌的发病风险,强调了过量饮酒的危害性。特别是在体内缺乏乙醛脱氢酶的人群中,此风险更强。4月,该研究成果发表在Journal of Thoracic Oncology上。

食管癌是全球范围内常见的消化系统恶性肿瘤,也是我国最为高发的恶性肿瘤之一。食管癌发病率、死亡率高,危害严重,在不少地区仍是威胁居民健康最严重的恶性肿瘤,造成了极为沉重的疾病负担。食管癌发病具有明显的地理差异和人种差异,西方国家人群以腺癌为主,而亚洲人群尤其是中国人群以鳞状上皮癌为主,占90%以上。食管鳞癌(Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma,ESCC)的发病原因有很多,目前公认饮酒、吸烟对食管造成损伤的各类慢性刺激、环境因素及某些遗传因素是中国食管鳞癌发病的主要原因。因此,全面具体地了解食管癌的危险因素对于其防治十分重要。

既往研究报道称,饮酒和遗传变异是食管鳞癌(esophageal squamous cell carcinoma,ESCC)的主要影响因素。然而,酒精与酒精代谢通路相关的遗传因素之间复杂的交互作用在增加ESCC发病风险方面尚未明确。联合研究在ESCC发病率较高的江苏泰州开展了一项以人群为基础的病例对照研究,共纳入1190个病例和1883个对照。研究整合了单核苷酸多态性数据,详细的饮酒史,以及酒精代谢相关基因的生物学功能信息,阐述饮酒、酒精代谢酶基因变异和ESCC风险之间的复杂关系。

ADH1B不同基因型(rs1042026)可影响ADH1B的活性,从而影响体内乙醛浓度。根据该位点的基因型分布,研究认为大多数中国人体内代谢酒精时,乙醇被氧化成为乙醛的速率过快,可导致乙醇堆积;这其中,1/4的人又同时携带ALDH2基因rs671AG基因型,导致乙醛脱氢酶活性较低,体内乙醛浓度升高。携带不同ALDH2和ADH1B基因型的健康个体也表现出多样化的饮酒行为:在携带不同基因型组合的个体中,饮酒者的比例可从23.7%变化至54.3%。


乙醇代谢率(x轴)、乙醛代谢率(y轴)与食管鳞癌发病风险在饮酒者(右图)与非饮酒者(左图)中的相关性分析。

该研究证实了两个ESCC易感位点,乙醛脱氢酶家族成员基因(ALDH2)上的rs671和乙醇脱氢酶1B基因(ADH1B)中的rs1042026,与饮酒行为高度相关并修饰了饮酒和ESCC高风险之间的关联。研究还进一步评估了ADH1B和ALDH2变异与饮酒量对ESCC发病风险升高的交互作用。结果表明,在乙醇被迅速氧化的个体中,饮酒与乙醛氧化率有很强的相加交互作用和相乘交互作用。研究建议,相关部门需加大力度,防止过度饮酒,特别是在携带ADH1B基因rs1042026AG/GG基因型和ALDH2基因rs1671AG基因型的个体中。


在酒精代谢率不同的个体中,食管鳞癌发病风险随饮酒量增加而升高

该研究首次将酒精代谢相关基因功能信息融入分析,是探索基因与饮酒的交互作用对中国人群食管鳞癌发病风险影响的大型研究之一,更是多团队多学科合作努力的结果。

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    2020-01-09 yyj062
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    2019-12-15 minlingfeng
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    2019-04-28 zhouqu_8
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    2019-04-28 ylz8405
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    2019-04-28 liuxiaona

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