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J Hypertens:妊高症的独立危险因素

2015-05-06 MedSci MedSci原创

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妊娠期高血压疾病(HDP)是产科常见疾患,占全部妊娠的5%~10%,所造成的孕产妇死亡约占妊娠相关的死亡总数的10%~16%,是孕产妇死亡的第二大原因。Anim-Nyame N等人进行了一项研究,探究了坦桑尼亚孕妇HDP的患病率和潜在的危险因素。

该研究通过产前诊断中心,共纳入910名孕妇,年龄最小的只有20岁,平均孕周为27周,其中301名来自农村地区,609名来自城市地区。高血压定义为诊所收缩压(SBP)至少140 mmHg或舒张压(DBP)至少90 mmHg。使用16种饮食结构对其饮食多样性进行评分以评估参与者的饮食情况。使用多元逻辑回归分析用于评估与高血压患病率有关的独立危险因素。

研究结果显示,共有62名孕妇(6.9%)诊断为HDP,城市流行率高于乡村(8.1% vs. 4.4%)。对于来自城市区域的孕妇,与HDP发生相关的独立危险因素包括:孕妇年龄(OR 1.10, 95% CI 1.03-1.20)、孕龄(OR 1.10, 95% CI 1.02-1.20)、上臂中部周径(OR 1.13, 95% CI 1.01-1.23)、饮食多样性评分(OR 1.31, 95% CI 1.20-1.60)、艾滋病病毒测试呈阳性(OR 2.40, 95% CI 1.10-5.18)。对蛋白尿进行校正后,上臂中部周径和艾滋病病毒测试呈阳性两者对HDP的危险性减弱。而在农村地区,HDP风险与孕妇年龄和胎龄有关。

研究结果表明,HDP这种与早产、低体重儿、远期心血管疾病密切相关的疾病,在城市区域发病率高于乡村。对于研究观察到的危险因素有利于识别高危人群和针对性的预防。关于HIV与该疾病的关系还需要后期更多的研究。

原始出处:

Mwanri AW, Kinabo JL, Ramaiya K, Feskens EJ. High blood pressure and associated risk factors among women attending antenatal clinics in Tanzania. J Hypertens. 2015. 33(5): 940-7.

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