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更新版糖尿病诊疗标准建议 患者需要控制血压

2018-01-16 郑帆影 健康时报

糖尿病患者血压一定要控制好,否则患上高血压是雪上加霜,合并了高血压会使糖尿病患者发生心脑血管疾病(比如动脉硬化、脑梗、心梗)的概率大大增加。

从长期的流行病学数据显示,大约有60%~80%的糖尿病患者最后死于心脑血管疾病,而合并了高血压会使糖尿病患者发生心脑血管疾病(比如动脉硬化、脑梗、心梗)的概率大大增加。另外,糖尿病患者得了高血压后,也更容易得微血管病变,比如糖尿病肾病、糖尿病眼底病等。


在近期的Diabetes Care杂志上,发表了2018版ADA(美国糖尿病学会)糖尿病诊疗标准,其中纳入了ADA最新发布的糖尿病与高血压的立场声明,对糖尿病患者的高血压控制目标,以及降压药物选择进行了修改,增加了高血压的治疗流程和新型降糖药物对血压的影响,以及妊娠期和老年人的血压控制目标等内容。

声明推荐,大部分糖尿病患者的血压控制目标为<140/90mmHg;心脑血管疾病高危人群则可考虑血压<130/80mmHg;老年糖尿病患者(≥65岁)的血压控制以控制收缩压为主要目标,如果身体状况良好,治疗方案与年轻人群一致,如果生活能力受限,收缩压可以适当放宽控制目标至145~160mmHg。

ADA糖尿病诊疗标准在降压药物的选择上也有较大改变,其推荐选择有证据证明可以降低心血管事件的降压药,包括ACEI(血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂,比如贝那普利、卡托普利等)/ARB(血管紧张素受体阻滞剂,比如厄贝沙坦、氯沙坦等)、CCB(噻嗪类利尿剂和钙离子通道拮抗剂,如氨氯地平、硝苯地平等)。β受体阻滞剂(比如酒石酸美托洛尔等)只在合并冠心病或者心衰时考虑使用,单纯作为降压药并不能减少死亡率。与CCB和利尿剂比较,ACEI/ARB延缓肾脏疾病的进展,如果存在肾脏损害,应该优先使用足量的ACEI/ARB,或者成为联合降压用药的一部分,ACEI和ARB之间没有显着差异,可以相互替代;没有肾脏疾病的糖尿病合并高血压患者,ACEI/ARB并不优于其它降压药。

相关阅读:糖友服用降压用药有六问

1、糖尿病合并高血压,降糖药需要调整吗?

陆菊明:糖尿病患者得了高血压之后,一般不用调整之前的降糖药,之前吃哪种现在还吃哪种,有的降压药对血糖有轻微的降低或升高作用,也都是很微弱的,不必过分关注,所以降糖药的剂量一般也不需要调整。

2、吃了降压药血压降到正常了,可以停药吗?

陆菊明:糖尿病和高血压都是慢性病,只能通过各种方法控制,而不能治愈,对于糖尿病合并高血压的患者,降压药必须长期吃,而且要每天规律地吃,一旦漏吃,血压变化会很大,对患者身体危害也很大。有句话叫“宁可少吃一顿饭,不能少吃一次药”,吃降压药比吃降糖药要求更严格。

3、吃了降压药血糖有点升高,降压药还能吃吗?

陆菊明:可以吃,像利尿剂这种降压药,可能会使血糖升高一点点,但这种升高效果很微弱,基本可以忽略不计。也可以通过适当增加一点点的降糖药将这种作用抵消,患者不用担心。

4、吃了降压药,出现血压降得很低的情况,怎么办?

陆菊明:血压不能降得太低,尤其是舒张压,也就是老百姓说的低压,如果低于60mmHg,心脏就会缺血,大脑供血也会不够,患者会出现头晕等症状。一旦患者发现自己血压降得很低,需要及时去医院让医生调整降压药,不能自行停药。

5、降糖药和降压药可以一起吃吗?

陆菊明:降压药和降糖药可以同时吃,不会影响药效。有的老年患者可能还会吃一些治疗冠心病的药物,这是可以和降压药、降糖药都可以一起吃,不会互相影响。

6、医生开了好几种降压药,能不能只吃一种?

陆菊明:降压药使用时有一个大概的法则,叫做“10mmHg法则”,简单来说就是一种降压药一般能使血压下降10mmHg。所以当糖尿病患者血压到了160/100mmHg的时候,就需要用到2种以上的降压药才能将血压降到130/80mmHg以内,如果患者擅自只吃一种,那么血压很难达标。

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    2018-01-19 虈亣靌

    学习了.谢谢.

    0

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    2018-01-16 smartxiuxiu

    高血压和糖尿病有共同的发病基础.胰岛素抵抗没错

    0

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    2018-01-16 1ddf0692m34(暂无匿称)

    学习了.涨知识

    0

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