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PNAS:乳腺癌基因BRCA1影响大脑发育?

2014-04-04 佚名 手牵手博客站

日前,来自索尔克生物研究所(Salk Institute for Biological Studies)的科学家们发现,著名的涉及乳腺和卵巢癌风险的基因 BRCA1 可能在控制哺乳动物的大脑尺寸方面起到了作用。乳腺癌易感基因 1(BRCA1)是一个肿瘤抑制基因,已知它能够影响乳腺和卵巢癌风险,但是能帮助修复 DNA 损伤的 BRCA1 蛋白质在胚胎的频繁分裂的神经上皮细胞和

日前,来自索尔克生物研究所(Salk Institute for Biological Studies)的科学家们发现,著名的涉及乳腺和卵巢癌风险的基因 BRCA1 可能在控制哺乳动物的大脑尺寸方面起到了作用。乳腺癌易感基因 1(BRCA1)是一个肿瘤抑制基因,已知它能够影响乳腺和卵巢癌风险,但是能帮助修复 DNA 损伤的 BRCA1 蛋白质在胚胎的频繁分裂的神经上皮细胞和干细胞中高度表达。

为了确定 BRCA1 在胚胎神经前体中的功能重要性,研究人员培育出了胚胎大脑缺乏 BRCA1 的转基因小鼠,结果发现这种突变小鼠的大脑的涉及认知、记忆、运动控制和感觉的几个片层结构(即新皮层、小脑、海马区以及嗅球)表现出了几种缺陷,包括细胞死亡和组织体积流失。

研究人员发现实验删除肿瘤抑制基因 p53 能部分恢复缺乏 BRCA1 的小鼠受影响的大脑结构的正常片层化,这很可能是由于 BRCA1 的消失导致了 p53 调控的神经元前体细胞死亡。然而,只有在称为 ATM 的另一种信号传导蛋白被删除之后, BRCA1 突变型小鼠的特定的神经元类型的细胞极性和中心体的缺陷才被修正。

这些发现表明了一个模型,在这个模型中, BRCA1 位于 DNA 修复和中心体功能的交汇处,这些功能是由 p53 和ATM参与的一个信号传导级联调控的,它很可能控制着大脑体积。研究人员表示, BRCA1 基因可能进化成了控制灵长类动物的大脑尺寸和结构。

原始出处:

Gerald M. Pao, Quan Zhu, Carlos G. Perez-Garcia, Shen-Ju Chou, Hoonkyo Suh, Fred H. Gage,Dennis D. M. O’Leary, and Inder M. Verma. Role of BRCA1 in brain development. PNAS, March 17, 2014; doi:10.1073/pnas.1400783111

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    2014-06-01 drwjr
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    2014-04-06 neurowu
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