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所有医生注意:双氧水能致死,千万不要这么用!

2018-05-09 孙锋医生 基层医师公社

双氧水是医生经常用到的一种强氧化剂,具有消毒、防腐及清洁的作用,临床上常用来清洁伤口。无论是骨科医生清创,还是外科医生冲洗脓腔、瘘管,甚至口腔科医生清洁牙周都会用到它。就是这样一种常用的消毒剂,如果运用方法不得当,竟然会造成对患者的严重伤害、甚至死亡!首先,请让我们先来看两个引以为戒的例子吧:1双氧水冲洗左肾,致气体栓塞患者男性,53岁。因“反复左侧腰痛2年”入院。入院诊断:①左肾结石;②肾

双氧水是医生经常用到的一种强氧化剂,具有消毒、防腐及清洁的作用,临床上常用来清洁伤口。无论是骨科医生清创,还是外科医生冲洗脓腔、瘘管,甚至口腔科医生清洁牙周都会用到它。就是这样一种常用的消毒剂,如果运用方法不得当,竟然会造成对患者的严重伤害、甚至死亡!

首先,请让我们先来看两个引以为戒的例子吧:

1

双氧水冲洗左肾,致气体栓塞

患者男性,53岁。因“反复左侧腰痛2年”入院。入院诊断:①左肾结石;②肾功能不全,T37℃,HR110次/min,R20次/min,Bp18.6/8.5 kPa,神志清,Hb87g/L,HCT0.273,ECG正常,心肺未见异常。

连续硬膜外麻醉下行原位低温下左肾实质切开取石术,术中生命体征平稳。取出结石后因肾内较多脓液并渗血较多,用3%双氧水100ml冲洗止血时病人突然出现心率减慢,四肢、口唇紫绀,神志不清,Bp17.6/8.0kPa,立即行气管插管机械通气、静注阿托品0.5mg无效,随后心跳停止,经心肺复苏术抢救后心脏复跳,以多巴胺维持血压,HR145~165次/min,30 min后自主呼吸恢复。

术后患者呈昏迷状态,双侧瞳孔散大,对光反射迟钝。四肢轻度抽搐,继续按脑复苏处理。48h后行脑及肺CT检查示:左侧尾状核体部见点状高密度灶,密度不均,边缘欠清,CT密度值为50.2Hu,右枕顶叶见较大片状低密度灶,边缘模糊,局部脑沟消失;两肺下叶背段见斑片状、条索状高密度灶,左肺斜裂上部风线状致密影,两肺纹理增粗、模糊,CT诊断:①右侧枕顶叶梗死;②左侧尾状核体部钙化局灶性出血;③肺栓塞,肺部感染

8d后患者神志转清,62d后基本康复出院,出院时仍留有神经后遗症(神志稍淡漠,语言有轻度障碍,只能发简单的多音词)。

2

双氧水冲洗胆道,致气体栓塞

患者男性,64岁。因“右上腹部疼痛7d,伴发冷发热4d”入院。入院诊断:① 胆总管结石并梗阻;② 胆囊结石。术前患者ASA分级Ⅱ级,T36.5℃ ,P92次/min,R22次,Bp16.6/9.1kPa,Hb136.4g/L,心肺无异常,无药物过敏史。

在连续硬膜外麻醉下行胆总管切开取石胆囊切除,胆肠吻合术。麻醉后生命体征平稳,胆管结石取出后,用生理盐水冲洗胆道,因有较多脓性絮状物及血性液流出,改用3%双氧水100mL反复胆道冲洗,期间病人突然躁动,口唇肢端紫绀,神志不清,心电图示室性心动过速,HR132次/min,血压15.6/9.8kPa。

立即行面罩人工呼吸,气管插管接麻醉机机械通气,分两次静注利多卡因50mg,室性心律无转复,随后出现心跳停止,经心肺脑复苏6Omin患者心跳恢复,血压23/10.4kPa,HR129次/min。然后给予速尿、地塞米松、20%甘露醇,头部及全身大动脉冰敷降温等措施。患者循环稳定,SpO2100%,手术继续进行。

术后Bp16.6/10.4kPa,HR116次/min,自主呼吸恢复,SpO2100% ,但仍昏迷,双侧瞳孔散大到边缘,对光反射消失。因家属要求放弃治疗,于次日自动出院。

需要提醒大家的是:上述两例患者均有短时间、相对密闭腔道内、较大量冲洗3%双氧水的共同点!

双氧水的特性,医生一定要了解!

下面,我们详细了解一下双氧水的一些特性:

1、双氧水在过氧化氢酶的作用下迅速分解生成氧气和水;

2、每秒钟每分子过氧化氢酶可催化44000分子的过氧化氢;

3、1ml 3%的双氧水的体内反应可生成9.8ml的氧气,释放48.4kal的热量;

4、过氧化氢酶广泛存在有机体的各种组织中;

5、双氧水运用时产生的大量气泡和其对任何细菌、病毒有氧化作用,产生良好的止血和消毒效果;

6、清洗感染组织(如开放性伤口,上颌窦炎,牙髓炎,骨髓炎,骨结核,各种脓肿等);

7、止血(如颅脑手术渗血,骨科创面渗血,胃溃疡出血等);

8、超声成像 (如输卵管、肝脏血管超声检查等);

9、治疗缺氧性疾病 (如一氧化碳中毒等)。

双氧水在体内的代谢产物为氧气和水,以前认为临床运用安全无害。但是近年来,不断有双氧水运用过程中发生气体栓塞(肺栓塞、脑栓塞)和心跳骤停的报道。有的病人虽经积极救治,仍然死亡或处于植物生存状态。

目前,国外有颈椎手术、腰椎手术、四肢骨科手术、皮下瘘管手术,以及直接用双氧水注入血管等发生气体栓塞的报道。国内也有双氧水冲洗胆道、复杂肛瘘、牙周袋时发生气体栓塞的报道。

教训和分析,医生一定要铭记!

先来看一个实验:

【方法】:实验犬麻醉后,气管插管,保留自主呼吸,胸腹常规备皮、消毒,选侧卧位。常规心电监护,并用彩超以胸骨旁左室长轴和胸骨左缘四腔及五腔切面进行探测。制作股骨开放性骨折,并用双氧水冲洗创面。给实验犬先后冲洗10ml、20ml、30ml双氧水(单次倒入伤口),实验犬死亡后对其心脏进行解剖。

【结果】:实验犬右心房可探测到移动的强回声光点,显示有气泡进入心腔。其中1例冲洗双氧水后死亡,解剖其心脏观察:可见右心房及右心室有大量的气泡。

这个实验的结论是:1、压力差可以使双氧水及其产生的气泡进?血管床。2、某些特定情况下,双氧水可能导致气体栓塞。

本文两个病例中的两位患者都在术中接受双氧水冲洗后,不久即出现了气体栓塞的表现。值得重视的是,患者主刀医生均有短时间、相对密闭腔道内、较大量冲洗3%双氧水的共同点!这两个病例术中的病情变化,也支持了“压力差可以使双氧水及其产生的气泡进入血管床”的动物实验结论!

一种学说认为:双氧水体内反应产生的高热使组织结构破坏,氧气从破损的静脉进入血管。另一种学说认为:在密闭或半密闭条件下,有静脉回流通路时,产生的高压使双氧水进入血管床,氧气泡由血管内吸收的双氧水直接反应产生。

大量气体集中在腔静脉以及右心房、右心室时(迫使心脏由血泵变为气泵),空气栓子可机械性阻塞右心室肺动脉开口,致急性肺动脉和右心室高压,右心室急速扩张,排血量明显减少。其结果是血压剧降,导致心肌及呼吸循环中枢缺血缺氧 ,当缺氧达到不能维持这些脏器最低生理功能时,则会发生心跳呼吸骤停。

空气进入血循环至肺,阻塞肺动脉主要通路

总之,临床医师应当认识到应用双氧水有潜在的风险,尤其应当尽量避免在密闭、或者半密闭的环境下,短时间内、运用大量的双氧水冲洗创面!一旦术中应用双氧水冲洗创面后,患者出现未知原因的心率下降,呼出气二氧化碳分压(PECO2)下降,低血压时应考虑有气体栓塞的可能,此时应该立即行心脏听诊(如胸骨旁能听到“车轮碾过样杂音”即可基本确定有气体进入心脏)。

双氧水所致气体栓塞的处理措施

1、怀疑气体栓塞后,应立即停止进行中的手术;

2、迅速将患者放置于头低30°体位;

3、适时地敞开冲洗部位,大量生理盐水冲洗创面;

4、停止吸入麻醉药,改吸纯氧;

5、出现心率下降时,应及时用阿托品处理;

6、血压下降时,应注意补足血容量;

7、急查血气:当PECO2下降、低氧血症、高碳酸血症时应用呼吸机辅助治疗(可选用呼吸末正压通气模式);

8、心跳呼吸骤停时应立即进行心肺脑复苏。

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    学习了谢谢分享

    0

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    2018-05-10 神功盖世

    0

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    2018-05-10 wzb521zf

    一起学习学习

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2037789, encodeId=8672203e7890e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=cb323e490dc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#双氧水#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=54, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=37490, encryptionId=cb323e490dc, topicName=双氧水)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTIuNQXObUwZmFG3VcZa2uhFq27sY7vfTowUhQCgRj2bj1odUibMF4sFXpuRLf6IE5t5yGVDSiaOoOcQ/132, createdBy=1e622500088, createdName=ms1065684921169360, createdTime=Sat Mar 16 18:33:00 CST 2019, time=2019-03-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=314000, encodeId=f8c83140000e, content=学习了谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=81, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160304/IMG56D94856B1B5D6405.jpg, createdBy=27931687771, createdName=一个字-牛, createdTime=Fri May 11 06:07:56 CST 2018, time=2018-05-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=313726, encodeId=bda4313e26d2, content=阅, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=103, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/fhZdOu27e88Voqh19n8eF8cLplo8L4nicKtH0WnE3KFELXns5XDu8rsiceK2HHDZc2SEStia5VV3Pia2QLMVqlWbHw/0, createdBy=6e012139475, createdName=神功盖世, createdTime=Thu May 10 07:38:36 CST 2018, time=2018-05-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=313713, encodeId=f965313e1300, content=一起学习学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=96, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/TDiaAWyicHgedzX3wKo3qcxudVJib7AfibfvNeufHRF2jG3Bw8MmZyWjIhtBV1mpJI7Sy9n7RcBKK5t3CuOKuOFxkg/0, createdBy=dd702206933, createdName=wzb521zf, createdTime=Thu May 10 06:55:44 CST 2018, time=2018-05-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=313662, encodeId=b2183136625f, content=了解了解.学习学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=78, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=93f31631454, createdName=1dd8c52fm63(暂无匿称), createdTime=Thu May 10 05:31:22 CST 2018, time=2018-05-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=313657, encodeId=7cd931365e8a, content=学习学习再学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=100, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/08/29/bbc5cc0eed9b8d17623d2fd49dbdf19a.jpg, createdBy=79522135794, createdName=yjs木玉, createdTime=Thu May 10 05:29:19 CST 2018, time=2018-05-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=313625, encodeId=4119313625d8, content=优质资源u.共同学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=37, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/oLAjfB7s1ib06iaV3D9Tg5K0LqDY57Aia0TOQByoJhNt3icm4sfukp500hLH6RHOpFdV01NbECtAV7s0qKpQPibyRukQAwAmqJU3X/0, createdBy=f91f1928792, createdName=九九消寒, createdTime=Wed May 09 23:38:32 CST 2018, time=2018-05-09, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-05-10 1dd8c52fm63(暂无匿称)

    了解了解.学习学习

    0

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    2018-05-10 yjs木玉

    学习学习再学习

    0

  7. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2037789, encodeId=8672203e7890e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=cb323e490dc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#双氧水#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=54, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=37490, encryptionId=cb323e490dc, topicName=双氧水)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTIuNQXObUwZmFG3VcZa2uhFq27sY7vfTowUhQCgRj2bj1odUibMF4sFXpuRLf6IE5t5yGVDSiaOoOcQ/132, createdBy=1e622500088, createdName=ms1065684921169360, createdTime=Sat Mar 16 18:33:00 CST 2019, time=2019-03-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=314000, encodeId=f8c83140000e, content=学习了谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=81, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160304/IMG56D94856B1B5D6405.jpg, createdBy=27931687771, createdName=一个字-牛, createdTime=Fri May 11 06:07:56 CST 2018, time=2018-05-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=313726, encodeId=bda4313e26d2, content=阅, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=103, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/fhZdOu27e88Voqh19n8eF8cLplo8L4nicKtH0WnE3KFELXns5XDu8rsiceK2HHDZc2SEStia5VV3Pia2QLMVqlWbHw/0, createdBy=6e012139475, createdName=神功盖世, createdTime=Thu May 10 07:38:36 CST 2018, time=2018-05-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=313713, encodeId=f965313e1300, content=一起学习学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=96, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/TDiaAWyicHgedzX3wKo3qcxudVJib7AfibfvNeufHRF2jG3Bw8MmZyWjIhtBV1mpJI7Sy9n7RcBKK5t3CuOKuOFxkg/0, createdBy=dd702206933, createdName=wzb521zf, createdTime=Thu May 10 06:55:44 CST 2018, time=2018-05-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=313662, encodeId=b2183136625f, content=了解了解.学习学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=78, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=93f31631454, createdName=1dd8c52fm63(暂无匿称), createdTime=Thu May 10 05:31:22 CST 2018, time=2018-05-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=313657, encodeId=7cd931365e8a, content=学习学习再学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=100, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/08/29/bbc5cc0eed9b8d17623d2fd49dbdf19a.jpg, createdBy=79522135794, createdName=yjs木玉, createdTime=Thu May 10 05:29:19 CST 2018, time=2018-05-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=313625, encodeId=4119313625d8, content=优质资源u.共同学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=37, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/oLAjfB7s1ib06iaV3D9Tg5K0LqDY57Aia0TOQByoJhNt3icm4sfukp500hLH6RHOpFdV01NbECtAV7s0qKpQPibyRukQAwAmqJU3X/0, createdBy=f91f1928792, createdName=九九消寒, createdTime=Wed May 09 23:38:32 CST 2018, time=2018-05-09, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-05-09 九九消寒

    优质资源u.共同学习

    0

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凌晨三点,我正趴在电脑前研究那些没有情节只有骨与肉的片子。美小护赵大胆讥讽我道:“采访一下,你是怎么想到宫外孕这种可能的?”。她口中的这个病人是一位39岁的女性,因为腹痛腹泻4小时在深夜来到急诊。“急诊医生的直觉!”这是我经常用来搪塞赵大胆的话。因为夜班的急诊让我身心俱疲,好不容易有了短暂空闲时间,赵大胆却不愿意让我安安静静坐下来休息一会。“那你要感谢自己的直觉,否则就是一场医疗事故!”很明显赵

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近日,贵州省务川自治县人民法院公开开庭审理了“务川升辉医院多名医生辞职案”,辞职原因及辞职医生是否应该双倍返还医院给予的安家费及赔偿问题成为争议焦点。根据务川升辉医院官网上的介绍,该医院位于贵州省务川县城新区银杏大道中段,创建于2013年,是务川自治县人民政府招商引资新建的一家集医疗、教学、科研、急救、保健、康复为一体的非营利性二级综合性医院,也是目前贵州省最大的民营医院。医院官网介绍,该院于

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今年许多新的政令都已经下达,回顾之前一些政策中的时间节点,发现医疗圈并不平静,一些变化将会从这个月开始发生,本文为您盘点一下。

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