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原来站着说话真的不腰疼!

2016-06-11 医学界骨科频道 医学界骨科频道

“站着说话不腰疼”本是一句来自于先秦秦孝公和商鞅故事的俗语,现在多指别人不设身处地替人着想却高谈阔论,还夹杂着指人得了便宜还卖乖之意;也比喻一个人不了解实际情况,只管口头讲述,脱离实际,也比喻眼高手低,简单易懂。但在骨科常见疾病——腰间盘突出的患者中的确确存在着“站着说话不腰疼”的现象。 先看看腰部的结构吧: 脊柱是身体的支柱,由于四个生理弯曲的存在,大体上呈S形,在直立活

“站着说话不腰疼”本是一句来自于先秦秦孝公和商鞅故事的俗语,现在多指别人不设身处地替人着想却高谈阔论,还夹杂着指人得了便宜还卖乖之意;也比喻一个人不了解实际情况,只管口头讲述,脱离实际,也比喻眼高手低,简单易懂。但在骨科常见疾病——腰间盘突出的患者中的确确存在着“站着说话不腰疼”的现象。


先看看腰部的结构吧:




脊柱是身体的支柱,由于四个生理弯曲的存在,大体上呈S形,在直立活动时各种负荷应力均集中在腰骶段,所以在此段尤其L4——L5、L5——S1段容易发生急慢性损伤及退行性变。在脊柱的各组成中椎间盘退变在腰腿疼中处于中心环节,椎间盘是介于两椎体之间的连接稳定、增加活动度及缓冲震荡的纤维结缔组织,由软骨板、纤维环、髓核三部分构成。腰部椎间盘为最厚,成人约为9mm,椎间盘内部并无血管,血供来自纤维环的周围,靠渗透供应营养。椎间盘的神经分布与血管相似,故随着年龄的增长,椎间盘逐渐退变,含水量减少,弹性和张力减退,降低了抗负荷能力,人体在20岁以后,腰椎间盘会开始发生退行性改变,这种退变是种正常的老化现象。随着椎间盘的退变,椎间盘的弹性和抗负荷能力也会随着减弱,受到外力的作用,就很容易造成髓核突出,诱发腰椎间盘突出。


结构决定功能:站着腰骶负荷最小!


椎间盘是两椎体之间发挥连接稳定、增加活动度及缓冲震荡作用的纤维结缔组织,其所受压力与身体姿势及负重有关,以站立位脊柱负荷为100%计算,在坐位增加到150%,而站立前屈位为200%,坐位前屈达270%。坐着的时候与挤压效应相关的间盘内压力比站着的时候 高,因为此时骨盆平面向后倾斜,能骨前移,生理脊柱前凸变成后凸。当坐位时再抬东西就会更增加间盘压力。可见站立时对椎间盘的压力最为小,而坐位前屈压力增加将近三倍,同时,长时间蜷坐,腰骶部肌肉与筋膜持续被动牵拉状态,容易出现劳损,出现慢性炎症反应,因局部血运欠佳以及代谢产物堆积而产生腰背酸痛。而改变体位站立时,由于腰骶部的肌肉筋膜的被动牵拉得以解除,并由被动牵拉状态变为自主收缩状态,使得局部血液循环改善,代谢产物得以及时吸收和消除,使疼痛减轻、消失。所以说“站着说话不腰疼”是有其医学道理的。随着人类文明的发展,体力劳动大大被解放出来,脑力劳动者增加,站着的人少了,坐着说话的人逐渐增多,腰疼的人也随之增加。有些职业也是腰椎间盘突出的高发职业,长期从事弯腰、站立、久坐等工作的人群,如电脑编辑人员、教师、搬运工人等,这会造成腰椎的负荷超过本身所能承受的极限,造成腰椎不同程度的损伤,诱发腰椎间盘突出。


坐也是有大学问的!



可见腰椎间盘退变与脊柱的活动及身体姿势是密切相关的,如果可以适当的调整姿势及活动习惯是可以减缓脊柱退变、改善局部症状的。最好是早期在没有症状之前就能够预防性的养成良好的习惯、保持正常的姿势。面对越来越多的室内工作,特别是伏案工作的大多都有腰痛的经历,或者腰间盘已经突出、已有压迫症状,正在等待时机准备手术。像这样刚踏上工作,比较年轻,工作起来比较拼的,钱还没开始赚身体就搭进去了,所以有些时候还是要经常站起来,毕竟站着说话不腰疼嘛!即使要坐也要坐的规范,工作时首先选择合适的坐椅,这对于腰背健康是非常重要的。坐椅深度主要标志是身体靠椅背坐直时双脚不接触地面为宜。坐椅面坡度最好是5°——10°,也有文献报道前倾5°为好,这样可限制骨盆向后旋转和使脊柱保持自然外形;靠背的倾斜度一般在100°—— 110°之间。靠背形状要与人体的脊柱曲线相贴服,因为与脊柱的自然弯曲相应的靠背,最适宜脊柱的放松和休息。这样可以减少坐位对椎间盘的挤压,但是坐位一小时左右要起身活动一下,做点其他工作,使躯体各部得到协调舒展,减轻腰部负荷。


缓解症状小技巧:


若是一旦出现腰腿疼痛就要进行常规治疗了,须到医院检查脊髓神经压迫程度,卧床休息、减少弯腰活动、佩戴腰围支具等,最好是坚持睡硬板床,并要绝对避免二次损伤因素。腰背部肌肉锻炼也是非急性期及无症状预防性的较好方法:五点支撑、三点支撑、拱桥、燕飞等既可加强腰背肌肉的力量、增加腰椎的稳定性,避免病变的进一步发展,还能缓解腰背的疼痛。也可以进行推拿按摩可以松弛痉挛的骶棘肌,降低椎间盘压力,减轻炎症反应对神经根的刺激。




参考文献

【1】Araújo ÂR, Peixinho N, Pinho AC, Claro JC Quasi-static and dynamicproperties of the intervertebral disc: experimental study and model parameter determination for the porcine lumbar motion segmentActa Bioeng Biomech. 2015;17(4):59-66

【2】陆新泉; 邹海鹏; 张桂琴 , 按动疗法治疗腰椎间盘突出症下肢疼痛的临床观察, 中国中西医结合杂志 2016; 36(2) : 239-241

 

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  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=129425, encodeId=657212942513, content=不错哦,会学到很多,喜欢梅斯医学文章, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzdAIB7UwTkHt6fQkBP8ictliaXtc5gCUmYdAW1sAETC2nhO3q6YjRHkUibyOCtP8ibmXNObTyd63A076/0, createdBy=d4111948983, createdName=1e10c84am36(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sat Sep 17 11:46:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=107399, encodeId=48a610e399ad, content=好文,值得学习,赞!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=106, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7s7ZCKOmmbBTD6nE7gcd5OZpvyGEzkxBP3S275k5ZJVrsPkotZhBglRHM9rKvcj1OgkssqhcnoPw8zIaMZTF8c/0, createdBy=4c441942088, createdName=ylzr123, createdTime=Tue Aug 30 11:21:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=89476, encodeId=6d28894e67d, content=这个不错, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=143, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7cde98330, createdName=milkshark, createdTime=Sun Jun 12 00:48:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=89477, encodeId=c662894e771, content=值得研究, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=138, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7cde98330, createdName=milkshark, createdTime=Sun Jun 12 00:48:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=89439, encodeId=58ec8943994, content=学习啦!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=143, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=93f31631454, createdName=1dd8c52fm63(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sat Jun 11 21:47:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-11, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-09-17 1e10c84am36(暂无匿称)

    不错哦,会学到很多,喜欢梅斯医学文章

    0

  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=129425, encodeId=657212942513, content=不错哦,会学到很多,喜欢梅斯医学文章, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzdAIB7UwTkHt6fQkBP8ictliaXtc5gCUmYdAW1sAETC2nhO3q6YjRHkUibyOCtP8ibmXNObTyd63A076/0, createdBy=d4111948983, createdName=1e10c84am36(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sat Sep 17 11:46:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=107399, encodeId=48a610e399ad, content=好文,值得学习,赞!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=106, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7s7ZCKOmmbBTD6nE7gcd5OZpvyGEzkxBP3S275k5ZJVrsPkotZhBglRHM9rKvcj1OgkssqhcnoPw8zIaMZTF8c/0, createdBy=4c441942088, createdName=ylzr123, createdTime=Tue Aug 30 11:21:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=89476, encodeId=6d28894e67d, content=这个不错, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=143, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7cde98330, createdName=milkshark, createdTime=Sun Jun 12 00:48:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=89477, encodeId=c662894e771, content=值得研究, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=138, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7cde98330, createdName=milkshark, createdTime=Sun Jun 12 00:48:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=89439, encodeId=58ec8943994, content=学习啦!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=143, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=93f31631454, createdName=1dd8c52fm63(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sat Jun 11 21:47:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-11, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-08-30 ylzr123

    好文,值得学习,赞!

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  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=129425, encodeId=657212942513, content=不错哦,会学到很多,喜欢梅斯医学文章, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzdAIB7UwTkHt6fQkBP8ictliaXtc5gCUmYdAW1sAETC2nhO3q6YjRHkUibyOCtP8ibmXNObTyd63A076/0, createdBy=d4111948983, createdName=1e10c84am36(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sat Sep 17 11:46:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=107399, encodeId=48a610e399ad, content=好文,值得学习,赞!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=106, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7s7ZCKOmmbBTD6nE7gcd5OZpvyGEzkxBP3S275k5ZJVrsPkotZhBglRHM9rKvcj1OgkssqhcnoPw8zIaMZTF8c/0, createdBy=4c441942088, createdName=ylzr123, createdTime=Tue Aug 30 11:21:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=89476, encodeId=6d28894e67d, content=这个不错, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=143, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7cde98330, createdName=milkshark, createdTime=Sun Jun 12 00:48:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=89477, encodeId=c662894e771, content=值得研究, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=138, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7cde98330, createdName=milkshark, createdTime=Sun Jun 12 00:48:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=89439, encodeId=58ec8943994, content=学习啦!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=143, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=93f31631454, createdName=1dd8c52fm63(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sat Jun 11 21:47:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-11, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-06-12 milkshark

    这个不错

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=129425, encodeId=657212942513, content=不错哦,会学到很多,喜欢梅斯医学文章, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzdAIB7UwTkHt6fQkBP8ictliaXtc5gCUmYdAW1sAETC2nhO3q6YjRHkUibyOCtP8ibmXNObTyd63A076/0, createdBy=d4111948983, createdName=1e10c84am36(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sat Sep 17 11:46:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=107399, encodeId=48a610e399ad, content=好文,值得学习,赞!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=106, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7s7ZCKOmmbBTD6nE7gcd5OZpvyGEzkxBP3S275k5ZJVrsPkotZhBglRHM9rKvcj1OgkssqhcnoPw8zIaMZTF8c/0, createdBy=4c441942088, createdName=ylzr123, createdTime=Tue Aug 30 11:21:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=89476, encodeId=6d28894e67d, content=这个不错, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=143, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7cde98330, createdName=milkshark, createdTime=Sun Jun 12 00:48:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=89477, encodeId=c662894e771, content=值得研究, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=138, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7cde98330, createdName=milkshark, createdTime=Sun Jun 12 00:48:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=89439, encodeId=58ec8943994, content=学习啦!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=143, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=93f31631454, createdName=1dd8c52fm63(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sat Jun 11 21:47:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-11, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-06-12 milkshark

    值得研究

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=129425, encodeId=657212942513, content=不错哦,会学到很多,喜欢梅斯医学文章, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzdAIB7UwTkHt6fQkBP8ictliaXtc5gCUmYdAW1sAETC2nhO3q6YjRHkUibyOCtP8ibmXNObTyd63A076/0, createdBy=d4111948983, createdName=1e10c84am36(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sat Sep 17 11:46:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=107399, encodeId=48a610e399ad, content=好文,值得学习,赞!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=106, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7s7ZCKOmmbBTD6nE7gcd5OZpvyGEzkxBP3S275k5ZJVrsPkotZhBglRHM9rKvcj1OgkssqhcnoPw8zIaMZTF8c/0, createdBy=4c441942088, createdName=ylzr123, createdTime=Tue Aug 30 11:21:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=89476, encodeId=6d28894e67d, content=这个不错, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=143, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7cde98330, createdName=milkshark, createdTime=Sun Jun 12 00:48:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=89477, encodeId=c662894e771, content=值得研究, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=138, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7cde98330, createdName=milkshark, createdTime=Sun Jun 12 00:48:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=89439, encodeId=58ec8943994, content=学习啦!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=143, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=93f31631454, createdName=1dd8c52fm63(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sat Jun 11 21:47:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-11, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-06-11 1dd8c52fm63(暂无匿称)

    学习啦!

    0

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