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局麻下经椎间孔镜治疗腰椎间盘突出症术中并发高热反应:一例报告

2019-11-25 蔡志梅 王玉明 刘军山 实用疼痛学杂志

随着脊柱微创技术的不断发展,经皮椎间孔镜技术在腰椎间盘突出症治疗方面得到了大量应用,并取得了较好的临床疗效。段小锋等报道,经皮椎间孔镜下腰椎间盘突出髓核摘除术治疗腰椎间盘突出症创伤小,安全有效,术后康复快,但对于其手术并发症报道较少。Jhala和Mistry与徐宝龙和马信龙报道,其并发症主要有椎间隙感染、神经根损伤、硬膜囊破裂、腹腔脏器及大血管损伤、器械断裂、脊髓高压症、术后残留疼痛、术后术区渗血

随着脊柱微创技术的不断发展,经皮椎间孔镜技术在腰椎间盘突出症治疗方面得到了大量应用,并取得了较好的临床疗效。段小锋等报道,经皮椎间孔镜下腰椎间盘突出髓核摘除术治疗腰椎间盘突出症创伤小,安全有效,术后康复快,但对于其手术并发症报道较少。Jhala和Mistry与徐宝龙和马信龙报道,其并发症主要有椎间隙感染、神经根损伤、硬膜囊破裂、腹腔脏器及大血管损伤、器械断裂、脊髓高压症、术后残留疼痛、术后术区渗血、术后复发和退变等。
 
黄克伦等报道,椎间孔镜下手术并发症主要为术后神经根痛觉过敏、硬膜撕裂、手术失败、高脑脊液压。近日,我科在局麻下为一腰椎间盘突出症患者行椎间孔镜下椎间盘突出物摘除术,术中并发高热反应,现报道如下。
 
1.病历资料
 
患者,男,71岁,因“左下肢疼痛麻木3年,加重1个月”入院。患者3年前因劳累后出现左下肢疼痛麻木,主要为左小腿外侧及左足趾,经武威市针灸医院疼痛科诊断为腰椎间盘突出症,并经靶点射频治疗后缓解。1个月前患者劳累后左下肢疼痛麻木加重,下地行走即出现左小腿外侧及左足趾牵扯性疼痛麻木,卧床休息后稍好转。无大小便障碍。
 
入院时查体T 36.5 ℃、P 71次/min、HR 197次/min、BP 120/83 mm Hg(1mm Hg:0.133 kPa),扶入病房,慢性病容。腰椎活动伸屈与旋转受限,L4~S1椎旁压痛,左侧L4~5椎旁压痛明显,并向左下肢放射。直腿抬高试验左侧30°角阳性,加强实验阳性;右侧阴性,4字征左右侧阴性。梨状肌牵拉实验左右侧阳性。双下肢肌力肌张力正常,双侧膝反射、踝反射对称引出。左小腿及足背外侧浅感觉减退,巴氏征未引出。
 
2.辅助检查
 
腰椎MRI显示L4~5椎间盘突出,L5神经根受压(图1);结合患者病史、体征及辅助检查,诊断为腰椎间盘突出症并椎管狭窄。



图1①MRI矢状位显示L4-5椎间盘突出并椎管狭窄,箭头所指为术前L4-5椎间盘左后突出;②MRI轴位显示L4-5椎间盘左后突出,L5神经根受压
 
3.治疗方法与经过
 
术前先使用C型臂x线机透视进行定位,采取后外侧入路,于腰4~5椎间隙在正中线向左旁开12 cm确定为体表穿刺点,用0.5%利多卡因(lidocaine)10 ml加0.25%布比卡因(bupivacaine)10 ml逐层麻醉至关节突,用18号穿刺针进针至突出髓核的后外侧,经穿刺针置入导丝并逐步建立工作套管,置入椎间孔镜。在局麻下行L4~5椎间盘髓核摘除、神经根松解、椎管成形术(图2)。
 
术中两小时内持续应用生理盐水12 000 ml(吉安市中才生物科技有限公司,生产批号171 115)冲洗。手术历时2 h。手术结束患者翻身平卧时,主诉发冷,测腋下体温38.4℃,采取冰袋冷敷额部、饮温开水、加棉被等措施,但患者随之出现寒战、头痛、头晕、恶心,呕吐,周身疼痛,再测腋下体温39.8℃,心电监测显示BP 150/100 mm Hg,P 136次/min,HR 32次/min;立即给予地塞米松注射液(dexamethasone injection)10 mg静脉注射,山莨菪碱注射液(anisodamine injection)10 mg肌内注射,咪达唑仑注射液(midazolam injection)2 mg静脉注射,昂丹司琼(ondansetron)4 mg静脉注射,继续给予吸氧1.5 L/min,复方氨基比林注射液(compound aminophenazone)2 ml肌内注射。
 
急查血常规各项正常,15 min后患者寒战逐渐改善,测腋下体温38.5℃。考虑到患者年老体弱以及手术部位特殊,预防性给予头孢唑啉钠(cephazolin sodium)1.5 g于20 min内静脉注射。30 min后患者寒战、头晕、恶心、呕吐等症状逐渐消失,测腋下体温38.5℃,1 h后测腋下体温37.2℃,返回病房继续心电监护。1.5 h后腋下体温36.8℃。夜间病情平稳。



图2 椎间孔镜下松解后的神经根
 
次日晨查房,患者自述左下肢疼痛麻木明显减轻,下地行走时左小腿外侧及左足趾牵扯性疼痛消失,仍感麻木,余无不适。查体:T 36.7℃,BP120/75 mm Hg,P 79次/min,HR 20次/min;腰椎活动无受限,腰椎棘突及椎旁无压痛,无放射痛;直腿抬高实验左侧60。,右侧阴性;4字征左右侧阴性;梨状肌牵拉实验左右侧阳性;双下肢肌力肌张力正常,双侧膝反射、踝反射对称引出;左小腿及足背外侧浅感觉仍减退,巴氏征未引出。复查血常规并查C反应蛋白(C-reactive protein,CRP)、血沉、降钙素原均正常。考虑到残留症状左小腿及足背外侧浅感觉减退恢复较慢,给予口服甲钴胺片(mecobalamin tablets)0.5 mg/次,3次/d;加巴喷丁(gabapentin)0.3 g/次,3次/d。
 
术后第3日晨起查房,患者自述左下肢疼痛基本消失,左小腿及左足背外侧仍感麻木,余无不适。查体T 36.6℃,BP 116/78 mm Hg,P 69次/min,HR 18次/min。复查血常规、CRP、血沉正常,余查体同前。术后4 d患者左下肢疼痛消失,麻木明显缓解后出院。出院时查体T 36.5℃,BP 120/80 mm Hg,P70次/min,HR 19次/min,余查体同前。复查血常规、CRP、血沉均正常。出院嘱继续口服以上药物1个月,配合腰背肌功能锻炼。出院后1周随访1次,连续跟踪随访1个月,患者生命体征平稳,未曾出现发热、头痛等不适,左下肢疼痛消失,但仍残留左小腿及足背外侧浅感觉减退。
 
原始出处:

蔡志梅,王玉明,刘军山.局麻下经椎间孔镜治疗腰椎间盘突出症术中并发高热反应:一例报告[J].实用疼痛学杂志,2018,14(6):453-456. 

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  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1805483, encodeId=d2341805483a3, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5806e8329a3' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#经椎间孔镜#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=69, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=78329, encryptionId=5806e8329a3, topicName=经椎间孔镜)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=5494471, createdName=HNYYM, createdTime=Sat Dec 07 11:08:00 CST 2019, time=2019-12-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1683786, encodeId=19311683e8651, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=599862899ba' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#椎间盘突出#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=69, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=62899, encryptionId=599862899ba, topicName=椎间盘突出)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=104527995107, createdName=lfyang, createdTime=Sun Oct 18 22:08:00 CST 2020, time=2020-10-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1663865, encodeId=576f166386552, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f6304e66252' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#局麻#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=47662, encryptionId=f6304e66252, topicName=局麻)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=48cb25693766, createdName=12498b08m98暂无昵称, createdTime=Fri Sep 11 06:08:00 CST 2020, time=2020-09-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1658709, encodeId=983c1658e097c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=428462892bd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#椎间孔镜#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=77, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=62892, encryptionId=428462892bd, topicName=椎间孔镜)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=ebc924907730, createdName=zhty5345, createdTime=Fri Apr 10 11:08:00 CST 2020, time=2020-04-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1758181, encodeId=51391e5818188, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=84ba49031f9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#并发#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=85, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=49031, encryptionId=84ba49031f9, topicName=并发)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=a27e37327108, createdName=丁鹏鹏, createdTime=Wed Dec 18 16:08:00 CST 2019, time=2019-12-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1736647, encodeId=49c01e36647bf, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=0192628906a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#椎间孔#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=118, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=62890, encryptionId=0192628906a, topicName=椎间孔)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=273734174228, createdName=ms622625817193301, createdTime=Wed Nov 27 22:08:00 CST 2019, time=2019-11-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1272132, encodeId=207c12e213211, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=cd1a854340b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#腰椎#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=73, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=85434, encryptionId=cd1a854340b, topicName=腰椎)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e93e105, createdName=anminleiryan, createdTime=Wed Nov 27 05:08:00 CST 2019, time=2019-11-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1615423, encodeId=51ae16154231b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6c6b85465c0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#腰椎间盘#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=77, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=85465, encryptionId=6c6b85465c0, topicName=腰椎间盘)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=7c4619628184, createdName=12498974m57暂无昵称, createdTime=Wed Nov 27 05:08:00 CST 2019, time=2019-11-27, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2019-12-18 丁鹏鹏
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