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Nature:破解程序性坏死之谜

2016-11-09 生物谷 生物谷

细胞死亡是所有多细胞有机体的一个必需的生理过程。在一生当中,很多组织中的细胞自然地死亡,并且被新的细胞所代替。在细胞死亡和新细胞产生之间的适当平衡在维持健康组织的功能和损伤后组织再生中起着重要的作用。增加的细胞产生与下降的细胞死亡结合在一起能够导致肿瘤产生。另一方面,过量的细胞死亡能够导致组织损伤和疾病。 正常条件下,我们的组织都是健康的,但是一些人产生炎症和疾病。论文通信作者、德国科隆大学


细胞死亡是所有多细胞有机体的一个必需的生理过程。在一生当中,很多组织中的细胞自然地死亡,并且被新的细胞所代替。在细胞死亡和新细胞产生之间的适当平衡在维持健康组织的功能和损伤后组织再生中起着重要的作用。增加的细胞产生与下降的细胞死亡结合在一起能够导致肿瘤产生。另一方面,过量的细胞死亡能够导致组织损伤和疾病。

正常条件下,我们的组织都是健康的,但是一些人产生炎症和疾病。论文通信作者、德国科隆大学遗传学学院教授Manolis Pasparakis问道,“是什么导致炎症?在一些情形下,程序性坏死,也称为坏死性凋亡(necroptosis)能够是炎症的触发因子吗?坏死性凋亡是如何受到调控的?”

RIPK1是一种主要被作为坏死性凋亡的诱导因子的蛋白。在一项新的研究中,Manolis Pasparakis团队构建出一种转基因小鼠,使得它们的被称作角质细胞的皮肤细胞中的RIPK1基因被特异性地失活。论文共同作者Snehlata Kumari问道,“我们期待缺乏RIPK1会阻止坏死性凋亡,但是我们观察到相反的情形。这些小鼠体内的角质细胞因坏死性凋亡而死掉。这是令人困惑的:移除RIPK1如何能够导致坏死性凋亡?”

如今,Manolis Pasparakis团队发现这个问题的答案:他们发现RIPK1抑制坏死性凋亡的另一个诱导因子,即一种被称作ZBP1的蛋白。通过基因手段移除ZBP1会抑制RIPK1缺乏导致的坏死性凋亡和炎症。论文共同作者Chun Kim评论道,“作为DNA的一种传感器,ZBP1导致对一些病毒产生免疫性,但是在此之前,它并不参与炎症。”

Manolis Pasparakis团队问道,RIPK1如何能够抑制ZBP1。为了解答这个问题,他们利用CRISPR基因编辑技术对允许RIPK1与调节坏死性凋亡的其他蛋白相互作用的RHIM结构域中的三个氨基酸进行修饰。在所有细胞中表达这种发生突变的RIPK1的小鼠在出生后并不能够存活。再者,仅在角质细胞中表达这种发生突变的RIPK1会导致皮肤炎症。通过开展遗传实验和生化实验,该团队能够证实当RIPK1的RHIM结构域发生突变时,ZBP1触发坏死性凋亡。这会导致围产期小鼠宝宝死亡,但是在成年小鼠体内,会导致皮肤炎症。论文共同作者Juan Lin说,“这是一项令人吃惊的结果。RIPK1的这三个氨基酸阻止ZBP1诱导坏死性凋亡,而且这对小鼠存活和阻止皮肤炎症是必不可少的。”

Manolis Pasparakis说,“我们取得进展,但是仍然有很多地方是不清楚的。ZBP1已知是一种病毒传感器,而如今,我们的结果将它与炎症和疾病相关联。在大多数情形下,人体中的慢性炎症触发因子是完全不清楚的。炎症为何在某些时间在某些人体内发生?细菌和病毒感染被认为是慢性炎症的两种可能的触发因子。在我们的研究中,我们通过实验性地改变RIPK1而发现了ZBP1的作用。如今,我们正想知道病毒或细菌是否能够激活ZBP1来导致炎症。”

原始出处:

Juan Lin, Snehlata Kumari, Chun Kim, Trieu-My Van, Laurens Wachsmuth, Apostolos Polykratis & Manolis Pasparakis.RIPK1 counteracts ZBP1-mediated necroptosis to inhibit inflammation .doi:10.1038/nature20558

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    2016-12-30 liye789132251
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1881427, encodeId=e242188142e0f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Fri Dec 30 06:16:00 CST 2016, time=2016-12-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1362815, encodeId=778f136281502, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b723414321c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#坏死#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=50, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=41432, encryptionId=b723414321c, topicName=坏死)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c0e3195, createdName=millore, createdTime=Fri Nov 11 13:16:00 CST 2016, time=2016-11-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=154743, encodeId=6ee5154e431e, content=谢谢,学习一下知识, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=71, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160718/IMG578C993D395567540.jpg, createdBy=59b81918946, createdName=flysky120, createdTime=Thu Nov 10 09:07:21 CST 2016, time=2016-11-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=154665, encodeId=71b415466518, content=谢谢了,受益匪浅, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=76, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=30331616752, createdName=txqjm, createdTime=Thu Nov 10 00:08:48 CST 2016, time=2016-11-10, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-11-11 millore
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    2016-11-10 flysky120

    谢谢,学习一下知识

    0

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    2016-11-10 txqjm

    谢谢了,受益匪浅

    0

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Cell:RIPK1,细胞生死的掌控者

日前,来自墨尔本沃尔特伊莉莎研究所(Walterand Eliza Hall Institute)的研究人员在《细胞》(Cell)杂志上报告称,他们证实近年来发现的一种细胞死亡类型:坏死性凋亡(necroptosis)有可能是炎症性疾病的潜在病因。 以往确定与坏死性凋亡相关的一个分子RIPK1 阻止了失控性的炎症,因而对生存至关重要。这一发现有可能在未来促成一些针对炎症性疾病,包括克罗恩病、

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