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NEJM:双心室起搏用于房室传导阻滞和收缩功能障碍优于右心室起搏

2013-07-03 shumufeng dxy

右心室起搏可恢复房室传导阻滞患者适当的心率,但高比例的右心室心尖部起搏有可能会促发左心室收缩功能障碍。研究者评估了双心室起搏能否降低此类患者的死亡率、并发症发生率和不良左心室重塑。美国Buffalo大学医学研究院的Anne B. Curtis博士等人对此进行了深入研究,他们发现对于房室传导阻滞和NYHA Ⅰ、Ⅱ或Ⅲ级心力衰竭伴左心室收缩功能障碍的患者,双心室起搏优于传统的右心室起搏。相关论文发表于

右心室起搏可恢复房室传导阻滞患者适当的心率,但高比例的右心室心尖部起搏有可能会促发左心室收缩功能障碍。研究者评估了双心室起搏能否降低此类患者的死亡率、并发症发生率和不良左心室重塑。美国Buffalo大学医学研究院的Anne B. Curtis博士等人对此进行了深入研究,他们发现对于房室传导阻滞和NYHA Ⅰ、Ⅱ或Ⅲ级心力衰竭伴左心室收缩功能障碍的患者,双心室起搏优于传统的右心室起搏。相关论文发表于国际权威杂志NEJM 2013年近期在线版上。
研究人员纳入有房室传导阻滞起搏适应证、纽约心脏学会(NYHA)Ⅰ、Ⅱ或Ⅲ级心力衰竭、左心室射血分数不高于50%的患者。受试患者接受心脏再同步起搏器或可植入式心脏复律除颤器(ICD)治疗(如果患者有除颤治疗的适应证,则接受后者治疗)。患者经随机分组分别接受标准右心室起搏或双心室起搏治疗。主要转归是至任何原因所致死亡的时间、因心力衰竭需要静脉治疗而紧急就诊或左心室收缩末容积指数增加不低于15%。
结果显示,在被纳入的918例患者中,有691例接受随机分组,平均随访期为37个月。右心室起搏组的342例患者中有190例(55.6%)出现主要转归,与之相比,双心室起搏组的349例患者中有160例(45.8%)出现了主要转归。随机分组至双心室起搏组的患者主要转归发生率随着时间推移而显著低于右心室起搏组的患者(风险比0.74,95%可信区间0.60~0.90)。起搏器组和ICD组的结果相似。6.4%的患者发生了左心室导线相关并发症。
研究人员由此得出结论,对于房室传导阻滞和NYHA Ⅰ、Ⅱ或Ⅲ级心力衰竭伴左心室收缩功能障碍的患者,双心室起搏优于传统的右心室起搏。
评述:BLOCK HF研究表明双心室起搏优于右心室起搏
对于左心室收缩功能障碍合并房室传导阻滞的患者人群,与右心室起搏器相比,使用双心室起搏器可改善预后。
BLOCK HF研究(Biventricular Versus Right Ventricular Pacing in Heart Failure Patients With Atrioventricular Block,心衰合并房室传导阻滞患者中双心室起搏器与右心室起搏器的对照研究)入组了918例有植入起搏器适应症的患者。所有患者诊断为房室传导阻滞,NYHA心功能分级I、II或III级心力衰竭以及左心室射血分数(LVEF)≤50%。所有患者均接受心脏再同步起搏器或者埋藏式复律除颤器(implantable cardioverter defibrillator,ICD)植入,619例患者随机分组,接受标准右心室起搏或者双心室起搏器植入。平均随访期为37月。
主要终点为任何原因导致死亡的时间,需要静脉治疗的心衰或者左心室收缩末期容积指数≥15%;主要终点事件在右心室组中发生率为55.6%,而在双心室组中为45.8%。双心室组患者在随访期间主要终点事件显著低于右心室组患者(HR=0.74; 95% CI, 0.6-0.9)。在起搏器组和ICD组中,研究者发现了类似的结果。6%以上的患者经历过左心室导联相关的并发症。
纽约州立大学Buffalo分校的Anne B. Curtis博士说,这些结果解决了一个临床问题,即LVEF异常合并房室传导阻滞患者的最佳起搏器模式的选择,这些患者没有现成的双心室起搏的指针。这些结果也增加了房室传导阻滞患者应用双心室起搏能保留心肌收缩功能的证据。
声明:该研究由美敦力公司赞助。参看全文以获取完整的研究者相关的财务披露。

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NEJM:强化生活方式干预不能减少2型糖尿病患者的心血管风险

短期研究数据推荐超重和肥胖的成年2型糖尿病患者减轻体重,但其对长期心血管结局影响尚不清楚。加拿大麦克马斯特大学的内分泌学家Hertzel C. Gerstein博士等研究者检验了旨在减轻体重的强化生活方式干预对减少上述患者心血管事件发生率和死亡率的长期作用。他们发现,10年的饮食控制和体育锻炼对心血管患病率和死亡率并无影响。相关论文发表于近期国际权威杂志NEJM 在线版。 在美国的16所研究中心

NEJM:预防性血小板输注可减少血液系统肿瘤出血事件

对于血液系统肿瘤疾病患者人群,血小板输注防止出血的有效性尚不清楚。英国牛津大学医院国民健康服务(NHS)基金会约翰·拉德克利夫医院NHS血液和移植部的Stanworth博士等人进行的该项试验评估了不给予预防性血小板输注的策略是否与提供预防性血小板输注策略同样有效和安全。他们发现,研究结果支持继续使用预防性血小板输注的需求,并且结果显示与无预防策略相比这类预防有减少出血的益处。即使使用预防策略仍有大

NEJM:壳核海绵状血管瘤致对侧难治性偏侧舞蹈症一例

患者,男,65岁,左手不自主运动10余年。神经系统检查显示左手臂偏侧舞蹈,睡眠时症状消失。颅脑CT检查显示右侧壳核处有一钙化灶。脑MRI检查T2加权相显示右侧壳核混杂信号,病灶中心呈低信号,伴周边低信号环,MRI提示海绵状血管瘤。MRA血管检查未见异常。口服氟哌啶醇、丙戊酸钠及唑尼沙胺等治疗,症状未见改善。各类脑血管病往往影响基底节区,从而有时会出现病灶对侧偏侧舞蹈症,但是症状往往是短暂的。壳核海

NEJM:自噬、疾病及临床应用

自噬与癌症自噬现象可能对癌症的发生和发展以及对这种疾病治疗干预的效果产生多重因素的影响。在大约40%~75%的人类乳腺、卵巢和前列腺肿瘤患者人群中,位于染色体17q21上的BECN1单等位基因发生重排。临床研究显示,预后差与肿瘤组织中存在Beclin1异常表达及侵袭性表型相关。人类癌症标本中的研究发现其他自噬蛋白表达也存在改变(例如在前列腺癌中ATG5表达上调)。此外,一些自噬基因的染色体畸变在人

NEJM:Omega-3鱼油不能预防心血管疾病

日前,一项大型研究结果显示,富含Omega-3脂肪酸的鱼油补充剂,对心血管疾病高风险患者可能并没有帮助。该报告发表在了5月9日出版的《新英格兰医学杂志》(New England Journal of Medicine)上。在2010年,意大利的研究人员开展了这项研究,他们把12513名病人分成两组,一组服用Omega-3补充剂,另一组服用橄榄油安慰剂。以前的临床试验表明,对于心血管疾病患者或曾经历

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