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Lancet Diab & Endo:母乳补碘可有效预防婴儿碘缺乏

2013-12-23 佚名 丁香园

有效结果指标 研究要点: 1.母亲口服碘化油可通过其母乳间接为婴儿提供足够的碘 2.婴儿直接服用碘化油在改善碘营养状况上效果不太理想 3.婴儿期直接或间接补充碘是安全的 婴儿期碘缺乏损伤婴儿大脑发育,增加死亡率。目前推荐的解决这一问题的方案是:在没有碘盐时,哺乳妇女应口服碘化油以纠正婴儿碘缺乏的情况,而没有用母乳喂养或没有食用碘强化


有效结果指标


婴儿期碘缺乏损伤婴儿大脑发育,增加死亡率。目前推荐的解决这一问题的方案是:在没有碘盐时,哺乳妇女应口服碘化油以纠正婴儿碘缺乏的情况,而没有用母乳喂养或没有食用碘强化型辅食的婴儿,应直接补充碘剂。但是,很少有研究证据证明上述建议的可行性。针对这个问题,来自瑞士苏黎士联邦理工学院人类营养实验室的Bouhouch博士等进行了一项研究,旨在评价婴儿期直接或间接补充碘的安全性和有效性,研究发现,哺乳妇女分娩后一次性口服400mg碘化油可通过其母乳为婴儿提供至少6个月的足量碘,使婴儿实现正常甲状腺机能。研究结果在线发表于2013年11月22日的《柳叶刀糖尿病和内分泌学》(The Lancet diabetes & endocrinology)杂志上。【原文下载】

这是一项在摩洛哥进行的双盲、随机和安慰剂对照试验。在就诊时,将健康的哺乳妇女和她们的新生儿(年龄≤8周)随机分组:母亲一次性口服400mg碘,婴儿给予安慰剂(间接补充碘);婴儿一次给予100mg碘,母亲给予安慰剂(直接补充碘)。参与者和研究人员事先不知道随机分组。主要结果为:母体和婴儿尿碘浓度,母乳中碘浓度,母体和婴儿促甲状腺激素(TSH)浓度,母体和婴儿四碘甲腺原氨酸(T4)浓度,以及婴儿生长情况。测定基线、婴儿3个月、6个月和9个月时结果,两组间比较采用混合效应模型。该项研究在ClinicalTrials.gov 登记注册,注册号NCT01126125 .从2010年2月25日至2010年8月10日,研究人员共招募了241对母亲和婴儿,2011年8月6日完成数据采集。结果显示,母亲和婴儿基线平均尿碘浓度分别为35 μg/L(四分位距29-40)和73 μg/L(四分位距29-237),提示碘缺乏。研究期间,间接补充碘组母体尿碘浓度,母乳碘浓度和婴儿尿碘浓度比直接补充碘的组高。整个研究过程中,两组间TSH和T4浓度没有区别,婴儿TSH和T4浓度也没有区别,但是间接补充碘组婴儿出现甲状腺机能障碍的比例比直接补充碘的组低。直接补充碘组婴儿除了体长别年龄的Z评分略微升高外,在其它任一人体测量指标上两组间婴儿没有区别。3个月和6个月时,间接补充碘组婴儿平均尿碘浓度均足够高,而直接补充碘组仅在6个月时尿碘浓度较高。两组间未见严重不良事件发生。

研究表明,在碘盐缺乏而导致中度至重度碘缺乏的地区,哺乳妇女分娩后一次性口服400mg碘化油可通过母乳为婴儿提供至少6个月的足量碘,使婴儿实现正常甲状腺机能。直接补充碘在改善婴儿碘营养状况上效果较差。

研究背景:

婴儿期碘缺乏能够对婴儿大脑发育造成不可逆性损伤,增加婴儿死亡率。1岁以下婴儿处于碘缺乏高危风险中,因为这个时期他们对碘和甲状腺激素的需求量比生命中其它时期都高。即便在大多数其它年龄段的人群碘摄入充足的国家,婴儿期也仍有碘摄入不足的情况发生。因此,控制人口碘缺乏的计划应当重视这一关键时期。

当前,碘盐仍然是控制碘缺乏的关键策略。但是在没有碘盐或碘盐供给不足的地区,哺乳妇女和婴儿应当补充碘。对于哺乳妇女而言,WHO、UNICEF和国际控制碘缺乏症委员会(ICCIDD)推荐每日服用250μg碘化钾或每年口服400mg碘化油,并采用纯母乳喂养婴儿至少6个月(假定其后母乳将为婴儿提供足够的碘)。如果婴儿不用母乳喂养或没有碘强化辅食,推荐每日直接给予婴儿90μg碘化钾或一次性服用200mg碘化油。

但是,推荐哺乳期和婴儿期服用碘化油这种方法没有证据证明其可行性。还没有研究报道哺乳妇女口服碘化油是否能够给母乳喂养的婴儿提供足够的碘。并且,也没有数据表明婴儿直接给予碘化油的有效性和安全性。该项研究旨在评价WHO-UNICEF-ICCIDD建议的哺乳期和婴儿期补充碘化油的有效性和安全性,对单剂量直接补充碘和通过母乳间接补充碘进行比较。

原文出处:

Raschida R Bouhouch, Sabir Bouhouch,Mohamed Cherkaoui, Abdelmounaim Aboussad,Sara Stinca, Max Haldimann,Maria Andersson,Michael B Zimmermann.Direct iodine supplementation of infants versus supplementation of their breastfeeding mothers: a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial.The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology, 22 November 2013 doi:10.1016/S2213-8587(13)70155-4.【原文下载】

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    2014-10-09 仁者大医
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    2014-08-01 howi
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    2013-12-25 villahu
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