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Am J Kidney Dis:PPI增加肾移植受者髋部骨折风险吗?

2017-06-05 梁舒瑶 吴星 环球医学

髋部骨折与死亡率增加、活动性下降和失去独立活动能力相关。2017年5月,发表在《Am J Kidney Dis》的一项由美国科学家进行的研究考察了肾移植受者中质子泵抑制剂(PPI)使用与髋部骨折风险之间的相关性。请看本期多学科讨论组临床药师各抒己见为您梳理本文看点——

髋部骨折与死亡率增加、活动性下降和失去独立活动能力相关。2017年5月,发表在《Am J Kidney Dis》的一项由美国科学家进行的研究考察了肾移植受者中质子泵抑制剂(PPI)使用与髋部骨折风险之间的相关性。请看本期多学科讨论组临床药师各抒己见为您梳理本文看点——

背景:移植后骨病是一项严重的问题,目前几乎没有很好的基于循证的治疗选择。PPI与普通人群髋部骨折风险相关,并且广泛用于肾移植受者中。

研究设计:病例对照研究。

地点和参与者:美国肾脏数据系统中,研究人员从诊断和治疗中确定231名首次髋部骨折的肾移植受者。在髋部骨折的指数日期时,研究人员将病例和15575名对照按照年龄、性别、种族和移植年份进行了匹配。

预测因素:PPI的使用。

结局:首次髋部骨折。

结果:指数日期前的一年,65.4%的病例和57.4%的对照处方了PPI。此外,34.6%的病例和28.9%的对照中,指数日期前一年有>80%的时间都服用了PPI处方(PPI使用较多者)。与任何和较多PPI使用相关的髋部骨折的未调整OR分别为1.55(95% CI,1.18~2.05)和1.65(95% CI,1.2~2.27)。当调整基线人口统计学、临床和药物协变量时,任何和较高PPI使用仍然与髋部骨折相关,OR分别为1.39(95% CI,1.04~1.84)和1.41(95% CI,1.02~1.95)。

局限性:潜在残余混杂存在于不正确的确证或不可及的混杂因素中;队列局限于接受低保的医疗保险受益人。

结论:总之,在美国肾移植人群中,PPI的使用与髋部骨折风险相关。

多学科讨论记实:

近期一项丹麦研究报告了透析和普通人群中,PPI使用与任何骨折风险增加之间显着的相关性,但未在肾移植人群中发现显着相关性(风险比,1.02;95% CI,0.78~1.33)。但是,265例骨折中,仅10%位髋部骨折。几项其他报告也表明普通人群中,PPI使用与骨折风险之间的相关性。

PPI-髋部骨折相关性的生物机制尚不清楚。提出的解释包括以下:

1、PPI治疗通过降低肠钙吸收对骨健康产生不利影响。酸性环境促进难溶性钙盐(如碳酸钙)离解成为水溶性钙离子。

2、体内数据表明,PPI治疗可以直接损害成骨细胞和破骨细胞功能,导致异常的骨转换。

3、在鸡中,PPI相关继发性高胃泌素血症显示出促进甲状旁腺肥大和增生。

4、维生素B12缺乏(可导致高同型半胱氨酸血症)在PPI使用者中更常见。

5、PPI治疗也显示与跌倒风险增加相关,可能是维生素B12缺乏相关虚弱和步态不稳的结果。

本研究也有一些局限性。本研究缺少与骨健康有关的数据,包括血清甲状旁腺激素浓度和骨密度。本研究偏倚性的另一个可能来源是指征的混杂。研究人员未确定PPI治疗的剂量和类型,缺乏原始指征的数据和PPI治疗的开始日期。由于美国自2003年起有OTC PPIs,研究人员可能也遗漏了一些PPI使用者。

原始出处:

Lenihan CR, Sukumaran Nair S, et al. Proton Pump Inhibitor Use and Risk of Hip Fracture in Kidney Transplant Recipients. Am J Kidney Dis. 2017 May;69(5):595-601. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2016.09.019. 

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    2017-06-07 liuquan
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    2017-06-07 gwc389

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