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头罩式无创通气!看起来有点酷

2016-06-21 李鸿政 医学界急诊与重症频道

无创通气可以避免气管插管和气管切开引起的很多并发症,近年来得到了广泛的推广和应用。

头罩式和面罩式 NPPV 在降低 ARDS 患者气管插管率的疗效对比:一项随机对照研究。

无创通气可以避免气管插管和气管切开引起的很多并发症,近年来得到了广泛的推广和应用。尽管很多随机对照试验证实无创通气治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病和心源性肺水肿导致的急性呼吸衰竭的疗效肯定,但是无创通气在急性低氧性呼吸衰竭(AHRF)中的应用却存在很多争议。迄今为止,仅有少量的研究表明无创通气可以降低急性肺损伤患者气管再插管率(有中国人自己做的研究[1]),尚无足够的资料显示无创通气可以作为 ARDS 导致的低氧性呼吸衰竭的常规治疗方法。

注:国外许多权威文献在描述急性低氧性呼吸衰竭(AHRF)时,往往把重症肺炎和 ARDS 分开来写,说明二者确有不同之处,同时表明ARDS不是AHRF的全部。在柏林定义(2012)出现之前,我们仍有急性肺损伤的定义。

而最近在JAMA上发表的一项研究(如题),或许能在一定程度上说明问题。



既往总体研究表明,面罩式的无创通气并不能有效地降低急性窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者气管插管率。而无创通气的实施,除了鼻罩、面罩,还有头罩!通过头罩进行无创通气或许会成为一种更好的选择。

2016年6月14日 JAMA 杂志在线发表了来自美国伊利诺斯州芝加哥大学的 Patel BK 等人的研究,该研究的目的是探讨头罩式无创通气是否能够有效降低 ARDS(根据柏林定义)患者的气管插管率。

该单中心随机对照临床研究的患者来源于2012年8月至2015年9月美国芝加哥大学的内科重症监护室(MICU),纳入的 83 名 ARDS 患者在分组前至少接受 8h 面罩式无创通气治疗,然后再随机分为对照组(继续接受面罩式无创通气)和试验组(改为头罩式无创通气)。研究的主要终点是需气管插管率,次要终点包括入组 28 天时无需有创通气的天数、住ICU时间、住院时间、院内和第 90 天时死亡率。

附:头罩是透明的,底部有一个密封的橡胶环,能完全套住患者的头部(如图)。


结果是这样的:

对照组(面罩组)和试验组(头罩组)分别有 39、44名ARDS患者(女性占45%,中位年龄 59 岁,中位 APACHE II 评分为 26 分)。

面罩组的气管插管率是 61.5%(n=24),头罩组是 18.2%(n=8)(绝对差, -43.3%; 95% CI, -62.4% to -24.3%; P < 0.001)。头罩组的无有创通气天数显著高于面罩组(28天 VS 12.5天,P<0.001)。

入组第90天时,头罩组中有15名(34.1%)患者死亡,面罩组有22名(56.4%)死亡(绝对差, -22.3%; 95% CI, -43.3 to -1.4; P = 0.02)。两组均有3名患者发生治疗相关的皮肤溃疡,总体发生率较低。


结论:与面罩式无创通气对比,头罩式无创通气能够降低 ARDS 患者的气管插管率。另外,头罩组也能显著降低第 90 天死亡率。

国内使用头罩式无创通气尚未普遍,头罩有一些优势,比如耐受性较好(能自由交流、咳嗽),适合不同面部形状的患者(因脸部畸形、创伤或手术等不能佩戴鼻面罩,但可尝试头罩)等。或许我们需要多中心的临床研究来进一步验证这个问题,期待。

参考文献
[1] Zhan Q,Sun B,liang L,et al.Eely use of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation for acute lung injury:A multicenter randomized controlled trial.Crit Care Med.2012,40:455-460.
[2] 邱海波.ICU主治医师手册.第二版

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  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=130290, encodeId=8e5813029024, content=不错哦继续关注, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=116, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzdAIB7UwTkHt6fQkBP8ictliaXtc5gCUmYdAW1sAETC2nhO3q6YjRHkUibyOCtP8ibmXNObTyd63A076/0, createdBy=d4111948983, createdName=1e10c84am36(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sun Sep 18 15:31:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=91205, encodeId=4768912059d, content=挺好的,不过临床上还有平常病人的吸氧都不是特别舒服,要是能想办法解决就好了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=162, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=cfb791835, createdName=CHBLY, createdTime=Sun Jun 26 18:08:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1495687, encodeId=f7f4149568e2a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=aa1e58914c2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#无创通气#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=91, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=58914, encryptionId=aa1e58914c2, topicName=无创通气)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=6e489186998, createdName=yhy100203, createdTime=Thu Jun 23 06:45:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=90742, encodeId=2f2690e426a, content=已经学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=178, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7cde98330, createdName=milkshark, createdTime=Tue Jun 21 22:39:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=90741, encodeId=35cb90e4141, content=的确这样, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=126, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7cde98330, createdName=milkshark, createdTime=Tue Jun 21 22:38:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-21, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-09-18 1e10c84am36(暂无匿称)

    不错哦继续关注

    0

  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=130290, encodeId=8e5813029024, content=不错哦继续关注, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=116, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzdAIB7UwTkHt6fQkBP8ictliaXtc5gCUmYdAW1sAETC2nhO3q6YjRHkUibyOCtP8ibmXNObTyd63A076/0, createdBy=d4111948983, createdName=1e10c84am36(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sun Sep 18 15:31:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=91205, encodeId=4768912059d, content=挺好的,不过临床上还有平常病人的吸氧都不是特别舒服,要是能想办法解决就好了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=162, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=cfb791835, createdName=CHBLY, createdTime=Sun Jun 26 18:08:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1495687, encodeId=f7f4149568e2a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=aa1e58914c2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#无创通气#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=91, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=58914, encryptionId=aa1e58914c2, topicName=无创通气)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=6e489186998, createdName=yhy100203, createdTime=Thu Jun 23 06:45:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=90742, encodeId=2f2690e426a, content=已经学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=178, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7cde98330, createdName=milkshark, createdTime=Tue Jun 21 22:39:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=90741, encodeId=35cb90e4141, content=的确这样, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=126, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7cde98330, createdName=milkshark, createdTime=Tue Jun 21 22:38:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-21, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-06-26 CHBLY

    挺好的,不过临床上还有平常病人的吸氧都不是特别舒服,要是能想办法解决就好了

    0

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  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=130290, encodeId=8e5813029024, content=不错哦继续关注, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=116, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzdAIB7UwTkHt6fQkBP8ictliaXtc5gCUmYdAW1sAETC2nhO3q6YjRHkUibyOCtP8ibmXNObTyd63A076/0, createdBy=d4111948983, createdName=1e10c84am36(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sun Sep 18 15:31:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=91205, encodeId=4768912059d, content=挺好的,不过临床上还有平常病人的吸氧都不是特别舒服,要是能想办法解决就好了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=162, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=cfb791835, createdName=CHBLY, createdTime=Sun Jun 26 18:08:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1495687, encodeId=f7f4149568e2a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=aa1e58914c2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#无创通气#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=91, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=58914, encryptionId=aa1e58914c2, topicName=无创通气)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=6e489186998, createdName=yhy100203, createdTime=Thu Jun 23 06:45:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=90742, encodeId=2f2690e426a, content=已经学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=178, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7cde98330, createdName=milkshark, createdTime=Tue Jun 21 22:39:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=90741, encodeId=35cb90e4141, content=的确这样, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=126, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7cde98330, createdName=milkshark, createdTime=Tue Jun 21 22:38:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-21, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-06-21 milkshark

    已经学习

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=130290, encodeId=8e5813029024, content=不错哦继续关注, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=116, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzdAIB7UwTkHt6fQkBP8ictliaXtc5gCUmYdAW1sAETC2nhO3q6YjRHkUibyOCtP8ibmXNObTyd63A076/0, createdBy=d4111948983, createdName=1e10c84am36(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sun Sep 18 15:31:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=91205, encodeId=4768912059d, content=挺好的,不过临床上还有平常病人的吸氧都不是特别舒服,要是能想办法解决就好了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=162, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=cfb791835, createdName=CHBLY, createdTime=Sun Jun 26 18:08:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1495687, encodeId=f7f4149568e2a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=aa1e58914c2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#无创通气#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=91, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=58914, encryptionId=aa1e58914c2, topicName=无创通气)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=6e489186998, createdName=yhy100203, createdTime=Thu Jun 23 06:45:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=90742, encodeId=2f2690e426a, content=已经学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=178, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7cde98330, createdName=milkshark, createdTime=Tue Jun 21 22:39:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=90741, encodeId=35cb90e4141, content=的确这样, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=126, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7cde98330, createdName=milkshark, createdTime=Tue Jun 21 22:38:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-21, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-06-21 milkshark

    的确这样

    0

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