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JNCI:高碳水化合物饮食使结肠癌复发风险升高

2012-11-13 JNCI JNCI

   2012年11月7日发表在《Journal of the National Cancer Institute》杂志上的一项在结肠癌患者中进行的研究显示,癌症确诊后饮食可以影响转归。   研究者发现食用含淀粉的高碳水化合物饮食的患者,其癌症复发可能性是更好的平衡膳食患者的近2倍,这种效应在肥胖或超重患者中最为显着。   有人认为含淀粉的高碳水化合物饮食会使胰岛素水平增加,而胰岛素

   2012年11月7日发表在《Journal of the National Cancer Institute》杂志上的一项在结肠癌患者中进行的研究显示,癌症确诊后饮食可以影响转归。

  研究者发现食用含淀粉的高碳水化合物饮食的患者,其癌症复发可能性是更好的平衡膳食患者的近2倍,这种效应在肥胖或超重患者中最为显着。

  有人认为含淀粉的高碳水化合物饮食会使胰岛素水平增加,而胰岛素和胰岛素样生长因子已知可促进细胞生长及扩散,该研究第一作者Meyerhardt博士说。

  该研究的患者均有局灶性晚期(III期)结肠癌,这类患者的复发由微转移疾病导致,他解释说。“我们提出的假说是,胰岛素和胰岛素样生长因子会使这些微小的细胞生长和扩散。”

  然而,实际上我们得到的信息并非决定性的“少吃糖。自然疗法的医师和其他医务人员往往会鼓励癌症患者完全避免吃糖,“但事情并非如此简单,没有必要完全不吃糖。此时,血糖负荷似乎是重要的,含淀粉的食物和碳水化合物含有更高。

  “我们的研究肯定支持了以下观点:饮食可影响结肠癌的进展,患者和他们的医生在制定治疗后的计划时应考虑这点。但仍需更多研究来证实上述结果。”

  在同期的一篇述评中,来自俄亥俄州克利夫兰市凯斯西储大学大学医院凯斯医学中心和医学院的Neal Meropol(医学博士)和Nathan Berger(医学博士)还呼吁进行更多研究来“扩展证据。”

  “尽管饮食对结直肠癌复发的影响尚无定论,但临床观察和生物学的结合提供了有力的证明,以在前瞻性随机临床试验中验证基于假说的干预。”他们写道。

  这篇述评的作者同时指出,患者应遵循美国癌症学会专家组的建议(CA Cancer J Clin 2012;62:243-274):结肠癌生存者应“保持健康的体重、定期参与体力活动以及采用符合癌症和心脏病预防指南的平衡饮食。”

  来自饮食问卷的数据

  Meyerhardt博士和同事对参与癌症和白血病B组(CALGB)89803试验(该试验由国立癌症研究所申办)的III期结肠癌患者进行了随访。这些患者接受手术切除了他们的原发性肿瘤,然后接受5-氟尿嘧啶和亚叶酸(是否用伊立替康对转归无影响)进行辅助化疗。

  在参与试验期间和试验结束后6个月,参与者完成了半定量的131项食物频率问卷。研究者们用这些信息来研究饮食对癌症转归的影响。

  CALGB的既往结果显示,西方饮食(特征为肉类、脂肪和细粮和甜点摄入量高)食用量最大的结肠癌患者的结肠癌复发和死亡可能性较西方饮食食用量最低者增加3倍(JAMA. 2007;298:754-764)。

  在这项CALGB随访研究中,研究者们分析了1011例患者的数据,调查了总碳水化合物摄入量、血糖指数和血糖负荷。

  总体上,与血糖负荷和碳水化合物摄入量最低的患者相比,血糖负荷和碳水化合物摄入量最高的患者结肠癌或死亡可能性增加80%(校正风险比1.79,95%可信区间1.29~2.48,P趋势<0.001)。

  然而,如果考虑体质指数(BMI),则这种效应存在显着差异,研究者指出,在超重和肥胖患者中这种相关性显着,但在体重正常者中不显着(BMI<25 kg/m2)。

  述评作者指出,饮食血糖负荷和碳水化合物摄入量与无病生存、无复发生存及总生存较差之间的相关程度具有“临床意义”。然而,他们也指出,观察到的相互作用表明,这种相关性仅限于BMI较高的患者。

  这是一项观察性研究,无法证明高血糖负荷和碳水化合物摄入量可导致结肠癌复发,Meyerhardt博士警告说。然而,“这项研究的结果强烈提示这类饮食因素在结肠癌的复发中起重要作用,”他补充说,并且它们“可能为进一步改善患者的生存提供了机会。”

   链接:

Meyerhardt JA, Sato K, Niedzwiecki D, Ye C, Saltz LB, Mayer RJ, Mowat RB, Whittom R, Hantel A, Benson A, Wigler DS, Venook A, Fuchs CS.Dietary Glycemic Load and Cancer Recurrence and Survival in Patients with Stage III Colon Cancer: Findings From CALGB 89803.J Natl Cancer Inst. 2012 Nov 7.

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