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Nat Commun:女性比男性容易心脏病发作?或许是因为XX染色体

2019-09-08 顾露露 生物探索

冠状动脉疾病(CAD)是造成女性死亡的一大原因,但女性患冠心病的时间平均比男性晚10年。多年来,科学家将这种长达十年的疾病发展迟缓,归因于性激素的保护作用。有很多证据表明,雌激素和黄体酮等激素保护心脏,但科学家对基因成分(X染色体)对心脏的影响知之甚少。

冠状动脉疾病(CAD)是造成女性死亡的一大原因,但女性患冠心病的时间平均比男性晚10年。多年来,科学家将这种长达十年的疾病发展迟缓,归因于性激素的保护作用。有很多证据表明,雌激素和黄体酮等激素保护心脏,但科学家对基因成分(X染色体)对心脏的影响知之甚少。

近日,美国肯塔基大学的一项新研究证实,XX性染色体的存在增加了血液中循环的脂肪量,从而导致动脉变窄,最终增加心脏病发作和冠状动脉疾病的风险。这项研究发表在《Nature Communications》杂志上。

Lisa Cassis是英国医学院药理学和营养科学系的一名研究人员,她带领的一个小组开始了解X性染色体如何影响血液和动脉中的脂质水平。该论文的第一作者、博士后学者Yasir Al-Siraj表示,如果血液中循环的脂质含量过高,它们便可能在动脉中和动脉壁上积聚,导致斑块的形成。这些斑块硬化,并导致动脉狭窄,从而减少血液流向重要器官。

研究发现,XX性染色体组合可以促进脂肪的有效利用。

Cassis解释说:“女性需要脂肪来生育和喂养婴儿,女性XX染色体能够有效促进饮食中的脂肪吸收,将其放入女性的脂肪细胞中,甚至在肝脏中制造脂肪。”

研究小组正在研究肝脏和肠道中发生变化的基因,以寻找药物开发的新靶点。如果能找到影响动脉粥样硬化的靶基因,科学家就能探索发现有药物的作用或开发新的药物。当然,这些发现也可能改善绝经后妇女的饮食选择。

Al-Siraj表示,她的下一步计划是研究X染色体数量在动脉粥样硬化中的作用。她说道:“我们不知道我们的发现是由于存在两个X染色体,还是由于没有Y染色体。”

原始出处:
Yasir AlSiraj, Xuqi Chen, Sean E. Thatcher, et al. XX sex chromosome complement promotes atherosclerosis in mice. Nature  Communications. Jun 2019.

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    2019-12-24 liye789132251
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    2020-06-16 liuli5079
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