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中国疾控中心研究表明,南方城市、老年人和男士受PM2.5影响更大

2017-03-21 朱朱 中国循环杂志

近年来,PM2.5(大气中空气动力学直径≤2.5 μm的颗粒物)污染已成为国人备受关注的公共卫生问题。中国疾病预防控制中心慢性非传染性疾病预防控制中心梁锐明等对石家庄、哈尔滨、上海、武汉、广州、成都和西安7个城市数据进行分析后证实,PM2.5短期污染显着增加心血管病死亡风险。

近年来,PM2.5(大气中空气动力学直径≤2.5 μm的颗粒物)污染已成为国人备受关注的公共卫生问题。中国疾病预防控制中心慢性非传染性疾病预防控制中心梁锐明等对石家庄、哈尔滨、上海、武汉、广州、成都和西安7个城市数据进行分析后证实,PM2.5短期污染显着增加血管病死亡风险。

研究发现,不同城市间差异较大,广州效应最强,PM2.5浓度每升高10 μg/m3,居民血管病日死亡率增加1.422%。

研究者指出,“虽然广州的大气PM2.5日均浓度稍低,但南方城市的气温相对较高,建筑特征和北方不同,开窗通风较多,从室外渗透到室内的颗粒物较多,因此居民实际暴露量较大。”

分层分析结果显示,PM2.5对男性每日心血管病死亡率的影响高于女性。PM2.5浓度每升高10 μg/m3,男性和女性心血管病死亡率分别增加0.371%和0.199%。随着年龄增长,PM2.5对心血管疾病死亡的影响逐渐增强,即对老年人的影响更大。

单污染物模型结果显示,PM2.5对心血管病死亡的影响从当天到滞后2天递减。PM2.5浓度每升高10 μg/m3,居民心血管病日死亡率增加0.315%。

PM2.5与心血管疾病死亡关系的暴露-反应关系曲线显示,随着污染物浓度升高,心血管病死亡率增加的百分比呈上升趋势,但污染物浓度高于100 μg/m3时,曲线斜率反而区趋于更平坦。

该研究收集了上述7个城市2013年1月1日至2015年12月31日的PM2.5日均浓度数据、同期每日心血管疾病死亡人数和气象监测数据,采用广义相加模型和半泊松分布连接的方法,控制长期和季节趋势、气象因素及“星期几效应”的影响,在分城市水平和多城市水平分析中国7个城市大气PM2.5日均浓度和每日心血管疾病死亡的相关性。

原始出处
梁锐明,殷鹏,王黎君,等.中国7个城市大气PM2.5对人群心血管疾病死亡的急性效应研究.中华流行病学杂志,2017,38(3):283-289.

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    2017-03-23 zutt
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