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2017 EBMT:如何选择异基因造血干细胞移植的更佳供者----半相合移植的供者选择

2017-04-10 任我行@血液科 肿瘤资讯

2017年3月26日—29日,第43届欧洲血液和骨髓移植学会年会(EBMT 2017)在法国马赛如期举行。在这一全球性高级别的科学盛会上,北京大学血液病研究所所长黄晓军教授应邀做了“How to choose the Best Donor for Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplatation”的大会报告。

2017年3月26日—29日,第43届欧洲血液和骨髓移植学会年会(EBMT 2017)在法国马赛如期举行。在这一全球性高级别的科学盛会上,北京大学血液病研究所所长黄晓军教授应邀做了“How to choose the Best Donor for Allogeneic  Stem Cell Transplatation”的大会报告。

首先,黄晓军教授总结了当前单倍体异基因造血干细胞移植(haplo-HSCT)的工作流程。

其次,黄教授指出,基于G-CSF联合ATG方案(“北京方案”),不论是急性髓细胞白血病(AML)、急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)还是骨髓增生异常综合征(MDS),haplo-HSCT在疗效(无病生存:DFS)方面与同胞相合的亲缘供者HSCT(ISD-HSCT)没有差异。

目前来讲,haplo-HSCT已经占据了中国异基因移植(allo-HSCT)领域的半壁江山。根据中国登记组的数据,在2016年所有的allo-HSCT患者中,接受haplo-HSCT的比例达51.7%,远远领先于美国和欧洲的12.5%和11.6%。

黄教授还指出,在早期的haplo-HSCT中,HLA位点不相合会影响患者的预后,包括治疗相关死亡和无白血病生存。但是,目前在“北京方案”为基础的haplo-HSCT前提下,HLA位点不相合已经与患者的预后无关。在HLA位点中有2-3个位点不合的患者,与0-1个位点不合的患者在植入、急慢性移植物抗宿主反应(GVHD)、复发率以及无白血病生存方面均没有显着差异。同样在使用移植后环磷酰胺的haplo-HSCT的前提下(Baltimore方案),HLA位点不合亦不具有有预后意义。因此,在新的haplo-HSCT移植策略下,HLA位点不合已经不是一个令人苦恼的问题。

植入失败是haplo-HSCT所遇到的重要问题。黄教授指出,供者特异性的抗HLA抗体(DSA)的出现与植入失败或植入不良密切相关,同时还指出DSA的筛查应作为供者选择的一个重要环节。在“北京方案”的前提下,患者选择父亲供者比选择母亲供者的GHVD发生概率和非复发死亡率(NRM)显着较低,总生存(OS)也显着较长。相似的是,选择男性供者的患者在GHVD、NRM显着较低,而OS也明显延长。小于30岁的年轻供者相比于30岁以上的供者也是更优的选择。因此,对于haplo-HSCT来讲,优选年轻男性供者(子女>兄弟姐妹>父>母(或旁系))。

除此之外,对于选择兄弟姐妹作为供者的haplo-HSCT而言,应优先选择非遗传性母体抗原(NIMA)不合的供者,而非遗传性父体抗原(NIPA)不合的供者(急性GHVD发生率显着增高)。

在去T的方案的前提下,异体反应性NK细胞能够促进植入、预防GHVD并具有抗白血病的功效。但是在使用“北京方案”时,KIR配体不相合与较高的复发率显着相关。因此对于北京方案,没有异体反应性NK细胞的供者是更好的选择。

最后,黄教授并给出了haplo-HSCT供者选择的推荐流程(见下图),并指出供者的选择需要结合所采取的移植方案并结合各个中心的经验。


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    2017-04-26 001A

    厉害啊,学习了!

    0

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    2017-04-12 俅侠

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