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BMJ:小腿突发疼痛,红斑和肿胀——病例报道

2016-05-25 MedSci MedSci原创

男性患者,62岁,右侧小腿突发疼痛、肿胀和红斑。超声检查证实为腘窝囊肿破裂,排除了深静脉血栓形成(DVT)。治疗:超声引导下穿刺。腘窝囊肿是位于腓肠肌内侧头和半膜肌肌肉之间的囊肿。囊肿破裂后囊液外漏至这里并可导致小腿内侧肿胀。患者站立时,其膝关节和踝关节弯曲以使腓肠肌舒张(如下图所示)。囊液外漏引起周围组织发生炎症。排除DVT可避免不必要的抗凝治疗,从而避免了出血和后骨筋膜室综合征的发生。腘窝囊肿

男性患者,62岁,右侧小腿突发疼痛、肿胀和红斑。

超声检查证实为腘窝囊肿破裂,排除了深静脉血栓形成(DVT)。

治疗:超声引导下穿刺。

腘窝囊肿是位于腓肠肌内侧头和半膜肌肌肉之间的囊肿。囊肿破裂后囊液外漏至这里并可导致小腿内侧肿胀。患者站立时,其膝关节和踝关节弯曲以使腓肠肌舒张(如下图所示)。囊液外漏引起周围组织发生炎症。排除DVT可避免不必要的抗凝治疗,从而避免了出血和后骨筋膜室综合征的发生。


腘窝囊肿的治疗通常需要患者抬高腿部,局部加热,并使用非甾体抗炎药。

补充:

腘窝囊肿又叫“Baker's囊肿”,是腓肠肌内侧头的滑膜囊肿。可分为先天和后天两种,前者多见于儿童,后者可由滑囊本身的疾病如慢性损伤等引起,但有一部分患者是并发于慢性膝关节病变。

老年人发病则多与膝关节病变和增生性关节炎有关。

最常见的腘窝囊肿系膨胀的腓肠肌、半膜肌肌腱滑囊,该滑囊经常与后关节囊相通,临床上多见于中年以上发病率最高,男性多于女性,导致机械性伸膝和屈膝受限,疼痛较轻,紧张膨胀感明显。患者主诉往往以腘窝区逐渐发生肿胀为特点,伴膝后疼痛。偶尔囊肿可以压迫阻碍静脉回流,引起小腿水肿。

体格检查:在腘窝部可触及有弹性的波动性肿物,表面光滑,质地较软,压痛不明显,而且和皮肤或其他组织不粘连。

X线检查:将空气注入囊内拍摄X线片,可发现滑囊与关节相通,以此则可确定诊断。

原始出处:


Tun Hing Lui, Ruptured Baker’s cyst. BMJ 2016; 353 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.i2929.

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  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1848007, encodeId=bbdd184800eda, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2977356edc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#BMJ#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=3567, encryptionId=2977356edc, topicName=BMJ)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=148754, createdName=gaoxiaoe, createdTime=Fri Mar 03 14:57:00 CST 2017, time=2017-03-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=129437, encodeId=05a712943e7b, content=不错哦,会学到很多,喜欢梅斯医学文章, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=86, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzdAIB7UwTkHt6fQkBP8ictliaXtc5gCUmYdAW1sAETC2nhO3q6YjRHkUibyOCtP8ibmXNObTyd63A076/0, createdBy=d4111948983, createdName=1e10c84am36(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sat Sep 17 11:48:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=128523, encodeId=436e12852381, content=不错哦,会学到很多, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzdAIB7UwTkHt6fQkBP8ictliaXtc5gCUmYdAW1sAETC2nhO3q6YjRHkUibyOCtP8ibmXNObTyd63A076/0, createdBy=d4111948983, createdName=1e10c84am36(暂无匿称), createdTime=Fri Sep 16 09:43:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=108475, encodeId=a5891084e5e2, content=好文,值得学习,赞!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=120, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7s7ZCKOmmbBTD6nE7gcd5OZpvyGEzkxBP3S275k5ZJVrsPkotZhBglRHM9rKvcj1OgkssqhcnoPw8zIaMZTF8c/0, createdBy=4c441942088, createdName=ylzr123, createdTime=Wed Aug 31 16:37:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1436078, encodeId=ef3d14360e8d9, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=22f8e71238d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#红斑#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=77123, encryptionId=22f8e71238d, topicName=红斑)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/aLGWoFXAyMbIu3qymFOyheQLjPSX3OUs5GmkyBlcCOwTPIeq3why9NGibxxUqYo6hcx8qZLHZFgNPnBK1yzWeOFpyg2OnWOt0/0, createdBy=fa4716, createdName=zhouqu_8, createdTime=Fri May 27 11:57:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-27, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-03-03 gaoxiaoe
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1848007, encodeId=bbdd184800eda, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2977356edc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#BMJ#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=3567, encryptionId=2977356edc, topicName=BMJ)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=148754, createdName=gaoxiaoe, createdTime=Fri Mar 03 14:57:00 CST 2017, time=2017-03-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=129437, encodeId=05a712943e7b, content=不错哦,会学到很多,喜欢梅斯医学文章, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=86, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzdAIB7UwTkHt6fQkBP8ictliaXtc5gCUmYdAW1sAETC2nhO3q6YjRHkUibyOCtP8ibmXNObTyd63A076/0, createdBy=d4111948983, createdName=1e10c84am36(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sat Sep 17 11:48:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=128523, encodeId=436e12852381, content=不错哦,会学到很多, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzdAIB7UwTkHt6fQkBP8ictliaXtc5gCUmYdAW1sAETC2nhO3q6YjRHkUibyOCtP8ibmXNObTyd63A076/0, createdBy=d4111948983, createdName=1e10c84am36(暂无匿称), createdTime=Fri Sep 16 09:43:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=108475, encodeId=a5891084e5e2, content=好文,值得学习,赞!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=120, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7s7ZCKOmmbBTD6nE7gcd5OZpvyGEzkxBP3S275k5ZJVrsPkotZhBglRHM9rKvcj1OgkssqhcnoPw8zIaMZTF8c/0, createdBy=4c441942088, createdName=ylzr123, createdTime=Wed Aug 31 16:37:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1436078, encodeId=ef3d14360e8d9, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=22f8e71238d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#红斑#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=77123, encryptionId=22f8e71238d, topicName=红斑)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/aLGWoFXAyMbIu3qymFOyheQLjPSX3OUs5GmkyBlcCOwTPIeq3why9NGibxxUqYo6hcx8qZLHZFgNPnBK1yzWeOFpyg2OnWOt0/0, createdBy=fa4716, createdName=zhouqu_8, createdTime=Fri May 27 11:57:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-27, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-09-17 1e10c84am36(暂无匿称)

    不错哦,会学到很多,喜欢梅斯医学文章

    0

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    2016-09-16 1e10c84am36(暂无匿称)

    不错哦,会学到很多

    0

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    2016-08-31 ylzr123

    好文,值得学习,赞!

    0

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    2016-05-27 zhouqu_8

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