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Clin Cancer Res:肝药酶基因变异导致他莫西芬治疗乳腺癌无效

2013-01-07 Clin Cancer Res 网络 lighthouse

  乳腺癌患者某些肝药酶基因的变异使其不能很好地代谢内分泌治疗药物他莫昔芬,进而造成死亡或疾病复发的风险增高。该发现来自于一项梅奥诊所癌症中心和奥地利乳腺和结直肠癌研究组所做的研究,并发表于临床肿瘤研究杂志。   研究发现,和CYP2D6活性正常的患者相比,那些具有该肝药酶基因变异的患者不能很好地代谢他莫昔芬,因而导致严重的并发症。研究的第一作者Matthew Goetz博士说:“我们的研究证实

  乳腺癌患者某些肝药酶基因的变异使其不能很好地代谢内分泌治疗药物他莫昔芬,进而造成死亡或疾病复发的风险增高。该发现来自于一项梅奥诊所癌症中心和奥地利乳腺和结直肠癌研究组所做的研究,并发表于临床肿瘤研究杂志。

  研究发现,和CYP2D6活性正常的患者相比,那些具有该肝药酶基因变异的患者不能很好地代谢他莫昔芬,因而导致严重的并发症。研究的第一作者Matthew Goetz博士说:“我们的研究证实,对于接受他莫昔芬治疗的早期乳腺癌患者,CYP2D6基因变异能够导致复发或死亡的风险增高。”

  该研究对接受不同乳腺癌治疗方案治疗的两组妇女的复发和病死率进行了监测。第一组的研究对象包括那些主要雌激素受体阳性并接受他莫昔芬单一治疗达5年的绝经后妇女,而第二组的研究对象包括接受他莫昔芬治疗2年后再进一步接受一种称为阿纳托司唑的芳香化酶抑制剂(其并不通过CYP2D6代谢)治疗3年的妇女。

  他们发现,和CYP2D6活性正常的妇女相比,具有明显CYP2D6基因变异的妇女乳腺癌复发或因乳腺癌死亡的风险增加了2.5倍。而在具有中等酶活力的妇女,乳腺癌复发或死亡的风险则增加了1.7倍。

  令人惊讶的是,具有CYP2D6基因变异但2年后改变治疗方案(他莫昔芬改为阿纳托司唑)的妇女复发和死亡风险并不增高。梅欧诊所的James Ingle博士说:“将他莫昔芬治疗改为接受芳香化酶抑制剂治疗可能是关于CYP2D6和他莫昔芬的几个研究之间不相一致的原因之一,因为在之前的多数研究中,我们无法获得患者改变治疗方案后的相关信息。”

  在欧洲和美国,大约有6%的妇女携带有变异的肝药酶基因,这使她们不能正常地对他莫昔芬进行代谢。抽血检查能够分辨出CYP2D6基因变异的个体,并有助于制定最优化的癌症治疗方案。Michael Gnant博士说:维也纳医科大学的外科学教授MichaelGnant博士说:“这一成功的高水准的国际合作研究结果为推动乳腺癌个体化治疗的进步起了重要作用,并使我们能够因人而异地为患有乳腺癌的妇女进行治疗。”

  一些治疗乳腺癌的药物只对特定的人群有效,因此,医生在决定治疗方案之前对每名妇女进行详尽地评估显得十分重要。比如,既往的研究发现,他莫昔芬治疗对那些在肿瘤相关成纤维细胞中低表达一种称为pERK的蛋白的妇女同样不具有很好的疗效。

  研究人员认为,CYP2D6活性低的女性患者应该在接受他莫昔芬治疗2年后换用芳香化酶抑制剂治疗,而那些不能代谢他莫昔芬的女性则应完全避免使用他莫昔芬。他莫昔芬必须完全被代谢分解为其最具活性的endoxifen(4-羟-N-去甲基他莫昔芬)才能发挥其作用。Goetz博士目前正和国立癌症研究所的同道一起致力于开发一种不经过他莫昔芬代谢而直接用endoxifen对患者进行治疗的途径。这将能够避免因CYP2D6基因变异对他莫昔芬治疗所带来的影响。

乳腺癌相关的拓展阅读:


CYP2D6 Metabolism and Patient Outcome in the Austrian Breast and Colorectal Cancer Study Group Trial (ABCSG) 8

Purpose: Controversy exists about CYP2D6 genotype and tamoxifen efficacy.

Experimental Design: A matched case–control study was conducted using the Austrian Breast and Colorectal Cancer Study Group Trial 8 (ABCSG8) that randomized postmenopausal women with estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer to tamoxifen for 5 years (arm A) or tamoxifen for 2 years followed by anastrozole for 3 years (arm B). Cases had disease recurrence, contralateral breast cancer, second non–breast cancer, or died. For each case, controls were identified from the same treatment arm of similar age, surgery/radiation, and tumor–node—metastasis (TNM) stage. Genotyping was conducted for alleles associated with no (PM; *3, *4, *6), reduced (IM; *10, and *41), and extensive (EM: absence of these alleles) CYP2D6 metabolism.

Results: The common CYP2D6*4 allele was in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. In arm A during the first 5 years of therapy, women with two poor alleles [PM/PM: OR, 2.45; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.05–5.73, P = 0.04] and women with one poor allele (PM/IM or PM/EM: OR, 1.67; 95% CI, 0.95–2.93; P = 0.07) had a higher likelihood of an event than women with two extensive alleles (EM/EM). In years 3 to 5 when patients remained on tamoxifen (arm A) or switched to anastrozole (arm B), PM/PM tended toward a higher likelihood of a disease event relative to EM/EM (OR, 2.40; 95% CI, 0.86–6.66; P = 0.09) among women on arm A but not among women on arm B (OR, 0.28; 95% CI, 0.03–2.30).

Conclusion: In ABCSG8, the negative effects of reduced CYP2D6 metabolism were observed only during the period of tamoxifen administration and not after switching to anastrozole. Clin Cancer Res; 19(2); 1–8. ©2012 AACR.  



    

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    2013-09-05 neurowu
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