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JACC:向往农村生活?先看看城乡患者在心梗、心衰和中风结果方面的差异

2022-01-25 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

需要在临床、公共卫生和政策方面做出努力,以改善农村与城市在急性心血管疾病的护理和结果方面的差距。

《2011年中国卫生事业发展情况统计公报》显示,2010年我国人均卫生费用为1490.1元,其中,城市2315.5元,农村666.3元。农村人均卫生费用不及城市的30%。我国城乡居民在健康水平、医疗服务利用、卫生筹资、卫生服务可及性这四个方面都存在较大的不平等现象。

一直以来,各国政府都在努力减小城乡之间的健康不平等。然而,目前还不清楚患有急性心血管疾病的老年人在护理和结果方面是否仍存在差距。为此,来自美国布莱根妇女医院和哈佛大学医学院医学部的专家开展了相关研究,结果发表在JACC杂志上。

本研究旨在评估农村与城市在急性心肌梗死(AMI)、心力衰竭(HF)和缺血性中风的程序性护理和死亡率方面的差异。研究人员对2016-2018年年龄≥65岁患有急性心血管疾病的医疗保险收费服务受益人进行的一项回顾性横断面研究。拟合了Cox比例危害模型,以研究到农村(与城市)医院就诊与30天和90天病人水平死亡率的关系。

2016年至2018年,有2182903名因AMI、HF或缺血性中风而住院的医疗保险患者。与城市医院相比,农村医院AMI患者在30天内接受心脏导管(49.7% vs 63.6%,P<0.001)、经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI 42.1% vs 45.7%,P<0.001)或冠状动脉旁路移植(CABG 9.0% vs 10.2%,P<0.001)的可能性更小。同时,农村医院对缺血性中风的溶栓率(3.1% vs 10.1%,P < 0.001)和血管内治疗(1.8% vs 3.6%,P < 0.001)都较低。

城市和农村患者急性心梗和中风治疗差异

在对人口统计学和临床合并症进行调整后,因AMI(HR:1.10,95%CI:1.08-1.12)、HF(HR:1.15;95%CI:1.13-1.16)和缺血性中风(HR:1.20;95%CI:1.18-1.22)而到农村医院就诊的患者的30天死亡率明显较高,分别升高10%、15%与20%。90天时也有类似情况。这些差异在服务于偏远农村地区的关键通道医院的子集上最为明显。

综上,需要在临床、公共卫生和政策方面做出努力,以改善农村与城市在急性心血管疾病的护理和结果方面的差距。

 

参考文献:

Rural-Urban Disparities in Outcomes of Myocardial Infarction, Heart Failure, and Stroke in the United States. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2022 Jan, 79 (3) 267–279

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    2022-02-08 hbwxf
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    2022-01-26 daviiliu

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