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AHA 2013:冠状动脉斑块钙化密度与心血管事件风险呈显著负相关

2013-11-19 MedSci MedSci原创

2013年11月18日,德克萨斯州达拉斯AHA2013年会消息,美国加利福尼亚大学Michael H.Criqui博士带领的研究团队开展的研究表明,冠状动脉钙化体积为冠心病事件和心血管事件风险的独立正相关预测因素;冠状动脉钙化密度与冠心病事件和心血管事件风险呈现显著负相关,且与冠状动脉钙化体积大小无关。对于冠状动脉钙化(CAC),使用计算机断层扫描(CT)评估,对于心血管事件(CVD)发

2013年11月18日,德克萨斯州达拉斯AHA2013年会消息,美国加利福尼亚大学Michael H.Criqui博士带领的研究团队开展的研究表明,冠状动脉钙化体积为冠心病事件和心血管事件风险的独立正相关预测因素;冠状动脉钙化密度与冠心病事件和心血管事件风险呈现显著负相关,且与冠状动脉钙化体积大小无关。
对于冠状动脉钙化(CAC),使用计算机断层扫描(CT)评估,对于心血管事件(CVD)发生具有重要的预测价值。标准的冠状动脉钙化积分(CACS)为Agatston积分(AS),但与钙化灶的密度变化没有对应关系。然而一些数据表明斑块钙密度增加也许对心血管事件有保护作用。针对这种情况,来自美国加州大学圣地亚哥医学院家庭医学与预防医学系的Michael H.Criqui博士等人进行了一项研究,目的是确定动脉斑块钙化体积和动脉钙化斑块密度为独立预测心血管事件因素。
论文入选2013年12月16日—20日在美国德克萨斯州达拉斯会议中心召开的美国心脏协会(AHA)科学年会,并在线发表于2013年11月17日《美国医学会杂志》( Journal of the American Medical Association)上,研究结果表明冠状动脉钙化体积为冠心病事件和心血管事件风险的独立正相关预测因素;冠状动脉钙化密度与冠心病事件和心血管事件风险呈现显著负相关,且与冠状动脉钙化体积大小无关,并建议冠状动脉钙化积分法应当纳入冠状动脉钙化密度评分。
尽管冠状动脉钙化对于心血管事件的发生有极大的预测价值,但是对于最佳冠状动脉钙化积分法预测心血管事件的发生仍不严谨,或者说是与钙化灶的密度变化没有对应关系。
越来越多的证据表明,斑块钙化密度越高与心血管事件发生呈现负相关,几项研究比较了急性心脏病与稳定型冠心病,研究显示稳定型冠心病存在密集的钙化斑块。最近一项CT血管造影的研究结果表明,绝大多数存在冠状动脉斑块钙化组的患者,其发生冠心病的风险明显低于动脉动脉斑块部分或全部未钙化组。他汀类药物治疗的随机试验报道他汀类药物组有更多冠状动脉钙化进展,与稳定斑块一致。
研究采用多中心、前瞻性观察性多种族研究(MESA),来自美国6所中心的多种族研究(MESA)入组,将受试者分为4组,分别为非西班牙裔白人,非洲裔美国人,西班牙裔,和中国人。参与者年龄分为在45岁-84岁之间,主要观察指标为冠心病事件(CHD)和所有心血管事件,随访的中位时间为7.6年。
研究结果为一共有175例冠心病事件,还有90例其他的心血管事件,总共有265次心血管事件。冠状动脉钙化体积和密度积分在相同的多变量模型中,我们发现冠状动脉钙化体积积分为冠心病事件发生的独立预测因素,每增加一个标准差[SD=1.6],风险比[HR]增加1.81,每1000人年绝对风险增加6.1,对于心血管事件,每增加一个标准差[SD=1.6],风险比[HR]增加1.68,每1000人年绝对风险增加7.9。
相反地,冠状动脉钙化密度积分与冠心病事件呈现独立负相关,每增加一个标准差[SD=0.7],风险比[HR]增加0.73,每1000人年绝对风险减少5.5,对于心血管事件,每增加一个标准差[SD=0.7],风险比[HR]增加0.71,每1000人年绝对风险减少8.2。利用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)分析显示,对于冠心病事件和心血管事件,加入密度积分和体积积分,显著改善其模型的风险预测水平。
该研究结论为冠状动脉钙化体积为冠心病事件和心血管事件风险的独立正相关预测因素。无论冠状动脉钙化体积多大,冠状动脉钙化密度与冠心病事件和心血管事件风险呈现显著负相关。目前冠状动脉钙化积分法应当纳入冠状动脉钙化密度评分。
研究背景:
冠状动脉钙化是冠状动脉粥样硬化病变的钙化现象,是粥样硬化斑块发展到一定程度,钙盐在斑块中沉积而形成的,是一个主动的调节过程,虽然冠状动脉钙化在一定程度上有助于稳定斑块,减少心血管事件的发生,但冠状动脉钙化本身是动脉粥样硬化病变进展的体现,所以冠状动脉钙化往往预示着发生心血管事件风险的增加。
对冠状动脉钙化进行评分(使用EBCT和MDCT,为目前定性、定量检测冠状动脉钙化最常用,敏感性、特异性最高的无创方法),有助于识别心血管疾病的进展,判断患者心血管事件的发生,以便于心血管干预与治疗策略方面适时适当的进行调整。Agaston积分为冠状动脉钙化积分的一种,是较客观的冠状动脉钙化的量化分析方法,早己受到了影像界的认可,临床应用广泛,一直是传统的钙化斑块定量分析参数,但此方法的重复性不高,使病人间的对照及随访观察结果可信度下降,且与钙化密度没有对应关系,有必要研究钙化密度积分与心血管之间的关系,以优化冠状动脉钙化积分。

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    2013-11-21 zhaohui6731
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    2013-11-21 hmwwww

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