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随机血糖异常升高,检验科报不报危急值?

2020-06-23 检验医学网 检验医学网

血糖(blood glucose,Glu)是指血液中的糖分,绝大多数情况下都是葡萄糖。体内各组织细胞活动所需的能量大部分来自葡萄糖,所以血糖必须保持一定的水平才能维持体内各器官和组织的需要。

 
血糖(blood glucose,Glu)是指血液中的糖分,绝大多数情况下都是葡萄糖。体内各组织细胞活动所需的能量大部分来自葡萄糖,所以血糖必须保持一定的水平才能维持体内各器官和组织的需要。因此血糖是生命的动力,血糖成了我们体检必查项目之一,更是糖尿病的常规监测指标。
 
我们都知道查血糖要空腹,但是由于有些病人空腹血糖正常,但依然存在糖代谢紊乱,因此便“诞生”了餐后血糖和随机血糖,那它们各有什么临床意义呢?今天小编就从一个病例说起。
 
一天下午,一个做生化的老师跑过来问我,随机血糖有没有危急值啊?我今天做了一个病人的随机血糖很高,但是我们的危急值表上只有空腹血糖的危急值,我们医院没有随机血糖这个项目的危急值,更没有范围,这个病人我报不报危急值呢?
 
于是我立即跑过去查看到底是什么情况,是一个男性患者,48岁,随机血糖高达111.82mmol/L,我们都知道,血糖达到33.3mmol/L时,患者会出现糖尿病酮症酸中毒,当进一步进展,达到66.6mmol/L时常出现糖尿病高渗性非酮症昏迷,这个患者这么高的血糖,应该已经出现了昏迷啊,再看看历史,患者早上来就诊,但是开单医生居然写的诊断是“健康查体”,早上的空腹血糖是83.58mmol/L,如下图。
 
这个病人如此高的血糖一定要问问临床医生患者情况了,于是拨通了临床电话,当时接诊医生发现病人血糖太高,而且精神差,乏力,有脱水貌就收治入院了,中午医生就开了随机血糖,结果随机血糖高达111.82mmol/L,患者有高渗状态却无昏迷表现,应诊断为高血糖高渗状态( hyperglycemic hyperosmolar status,HHS)[1],这么高的血糖当然要报危急值了,即使是随机血糖没有设定危急值的情况下,也应报告给临床,否则这种病人可能随时会有生命危险。
 
患者有高血压病史3年,以往并没有发现血糖高,也没有出现糖尿病症状,10天前出现了口干、多饮、多食、多尿、体重减轻等“三多一少”症状,然后突然加重便并发了糖尿病急性并发症,查看资料,确实有一部分病人起病缓慢,疾病早期阶段没有明显症状,常以并发症出现为首诊,这个病人正是这种情况。
 
糖尿病急性并发症包括:
1、糖尿病酮症酸中毒;
2、糖尿病高渗性非酮症昏迷;
3、糖尿病乳酸酸中毒。
 
我们来看看合并了哪一种,患者年常规显示尿糖4+,尿酮体±,如下图。
 
说明出现了酮尿症;再看看血气分析结果,患者pH:7.31<7.35,如下图,提示出现了酸中毒。患者存在高血浆渗透压、脱水,又合并了HHS,看来患者应该是合并了多个急性并发症。
 
那么我们一起来回顾一下WHO公布的糖尿病的诊断标准。
 
一共有三个标准:其中有一条就是随机血糖≥11.1mmol/L,那么这个随机血糖的重要性不言而喻了,那么现在你还觉得随机血糖的危急值可以不报吗?
 
总结
 
血糖作为糖尿病诊断标准项目,即使患者血糖没有这个病例那么高,但达到了危急值,即使是随机血糖也应该及时联系临床,提醒临床医生密切关注患者症状和体征,适时复查监测患者空腹血糖、随机血糖及其他指标的变化情况。
 

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    2020-07-12 jmtang
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    2020-06-23 肿瘤克星

    高质量研究,读起来真爽,谢谢梅斯

    0

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