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再生障碍性贫血并发慢性硬膜下血肿1例报告

2018-10-20 孙林林 付爱军 张志勇 河北联合大学学报(医学版

患者,21岁,男性。因头部外伤史2月余,突发头痛伴恶心、呕吐3天入院。入院查体:体温36.5°C,脉搏70次/min,血压130/85mmHg,呼吸18次/min。神清语利,查体合作,双侧瞳孔直径20mm光反射灵敏,颈软,无抵抗,四肢肌力V级,双侧巴氏征(+)。余查体未见明显异常。既往史:再生障碍性贫血18年,平日输注悬浮红细胞(2U、1次/3~4周)治疗,再生障碍相关贫血性心脏病史2年余。

1.病历报告
 
患者,21岁,男性。因头部外伤史2月余,突发头痛伴恶心、呕吐3天入院。入院查体:体温36.5°C,脉搏70次/min,血压130/85mmHg,呼吸18次/min。神清语利,查体合作,双侧瞳孔直径20mm光反射灵敏,颈软,无抵抗,四肢肌力V级,双侧巴氏征(+)。余查体未见明显异常。既往史:再生障碍性贫血18年,平日输注悬浮红细胞(2U、1次/3~4周)治疗,再生障碍相关贫血性心脏病史2年余。
 
实验室检查:入院血常规提示三系减少,见表1。肝功、肾功、血脂、血糖均未见明显异常。凝血四项示:活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)为25s,凝血酶原时间(PT)为11s,血浆纤维蛋白原(FIB)4.42g/L,凝血酶时间(TT)为13s。颅脑CT扫描(下图A)示:左侧额颞顶部慢性硬膜下血肿(血量约70mL、最大厚度约18mm)。临床诊断:慢性硬膜下血肿;再生障碍性贫血。
 
2治疗经过
 
围手术期处理:针对患者再生障碍性贫血引起难治的三系减少,据血液系统化验给予成分输血(红细胞、血小板等)对症治疗。对症治疗前后血象变化见表1。术中及术后风险评估:患者血小板(PLT)减少可能引起出血,白细胞(WBC)减少可能感染、贫血性心脏疾病等风险。
 
表1  患者不同时间的血象 


考虑到患者头痛症状加重,头颅CT提示具有手术指征。在全麻下行钻单孔引流术引出酱油色陈旧性不凝血。术中严密止血,静滴头孢曲松预防术后出血、感染等。术后患者头痛症状好转,术后3天无头痛症状。共住院15天痊愈出院。随访3个月良好。
 
患者颅脑CT扫描提示如下图:A(入院第1天):血肿高低混杂密度影,占位效应明显,左侧脑室受压明显,中线移位;B(入院第6天术前3h):血肿呈等密度影,脑沟回变浅;C(入院后第9天术后3天):血肿明显减少,脑沟回恢复。
 
 
原始出处:

孙林林, 付爱军, 张志勇,等. 再生障碍性贫血并发慢性硬膜下血肿1例报告[J]. 河北联合大学学报(医学版), 2017, 19(2):158-159.

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    2019-02-23 丁鹏鹏
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