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NEJM:长期应用替格瑞洛 显著降低既往心梗患者不良事件发生率

2015-05-09 梁怀彬 MedSci原创

既往心梗患者长期使用替格瑞洛双抗血小板疗法,短期内的疗效已经被证实,但一年或者更长时间以后的效果仍未充分确立,大样本的数据研究更为缺乏。近日,一项发表于国际杂志New England Journal of Medicine上的研究论文借助大样本群体研究,证实了长期随访下替格瑞洛双抗的远期效果和安全性。替格瑞洛同氯吡格雷一样,属于P2Y12受体抑制剂,但是和前者稍有不同的是,替格瑞洛 属于可逆P2Y

既往心梗患者长期使用替格瑞洛双抗血小板疗法,短期内的疗效已经被证实,但一年或者更长时间以后的效果仍未充分确立,大样本的数据研究更为缺乏。近日,一项发表于国际杂志New England Journal of Medicine上的研究论文借助大样本群体研究,证实了长期随访下替格瑞洛双抗的远期效果和安全性。

替格瑞洛同氯吡格雷一样,属于P2Y12受体抑制剂,但是和前者稍有不同的是,替格瑞洛 属于可逆P2Y12受体抑制剂。氯吡格雷进入体内与P2Y12受体形成不可逆结合。被抑制的血小板在其7-10天的生命周期里完全失去活性,必须要等血液形成新的血小板且未被活性代谢物抑制才能恢复血小板功能。在可逆的P2Y12受体抑制剂研究中,人们期望当血浆药物水平下降时,药物可以从血小板P2Y12受体解离重新进入血浆,同时血小板功能恢复。于2011年7月上市的药物替格瑞洛(Ticagrelor)是第一个口服可逆P2Y12受体抑制剂。临床试验证明的替格瑞洛比氯吡格雷对ADP诱导的血小板聚集效果更好。更重要的证据来自于对已经预服用氯吡格雷的病人,替格瑞洛可以更进一步增强疗效。

替格瑞洛双抗方案的长期大样本效果如何呢?

研究者使用双盲的方法,将21162名患者随机分成三组,替格瑞洛90mg BID组,60mg BID组,安慰剂组,所有患者同时接受低剂量的阿司匹林,随访时间的中位数是33个月。疗效指标上主要结局和终点是因心血管死亡率,再次心梗发生率,中风发生率。安全性指标观察终点是TIMI危险分层评分下的严重出血。

研究结果显示:和安慰剂相比,两种替格瑞洛的剂量均能减低有效性指标(心血管死亡、心肌梗死、脑卒中)的发生率。使用 Kaplan–Meier生存分析,三年内不利结局三组发生率分别是7.85%,7.77%,9.04%。两两对比来看,90mg组和安慰剂相比,优势比为0.85,95%CI:0.75-0.96, P=0.008。另外,60mg组和安慰剂相比,优势比为0.84,95%CI:0.74-0.95 P=0.004。TIMI严重出血发生率指标上,替格瑞洛显示出更高的出血风险:替格瑞洛两种剂量组分别是2.60%、2.30%,安慰剂组仅为1.06%,替格瑞洛两种剂量组任一一个和安慰剂对比,P值均小于0.001。颅内出血或致命出血事件的发生率三组分别是:0.63%,0.71%,0.60%

研究者得出结论:在既往有心肌梗死病史一年以上的患者中,使用替格瑞洛可以显著降低心血管死亡、再次心梗发作、脑卒中的发生率。但是同时也增加了严重出血的风险。

实验注册: ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01225562


开放获取:

Bonaca, M.P., et al., Long-Term Use of Ticagrelor in Patients with Prior Myocardial Infarction. New England Journal of Medicine, 2015. 372(19): p. 1791-1800.

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    2015-06-28 owlhealth

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    2015-05-18 金匮出来

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    2015-05-13 huaxipanxing

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