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BMJ:中风无小事!如何更好识别TIA后卒中风险?

2021-02-20 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

TIA虽小,中风风险不小!

短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)是颈动脉或椎-基底动脉系统发生短暂性血液供应不足,引起局灶性脑缺血导致突发的、短暂性、可逆性神经功能障碍。TIA发作持续数分钟,通常在30分钟内完全恢复。

TIA发病一般无先兆,有一过性的神经系统定位体征,但无责任病灶的证据。由于患者往往在24小时内完全恢复,无后遗症,因此TIA被俗称为“小中风”。

然而,既往的研究认为,TIA患者早期发生卒中的风险很高,发病7天内脑梗死的发生率为4%-10%。TIA发病90天内不仅脑梗死发生率升高(10%-20%),同时心肌梗死和猝死的风险也提升,因此目前一致将90天视为脑梗风险“高危期”。

那么如何才能更好识别TIA后卒中发生的风险呢?目前,TIA发作分诊的最佳评估是ASCD2得分。然而,该评分并不能准确区分处于高风险和低风险的TIA患者。为此,来自加拿大渥太华大学急诊医学的教授从加拿大八家大型医院急诊科的近4000名前瞻性登记患者中归纳出加拿大短暂性脑缺血发作评分(CTIAS)。

日前,该研究团队为了验证CTIAS对急诊TIA发作后卒中风险的评估准确性,开展了一项纳入13个急诊中心,共7607名TIA发作患者、历时5年的研究。结果发表在最近的《英格兰医学杂志》(BMJ)上。

研究的主要结果是TIA后的卒中发生或颈动脉内膜切除术/颈动脉支架植入术。次要结果是7天内的后续中风(有或没有颈动脉内膜切除术/颈动脉支架植入术)。电话随访在第7天和第90天使用经过验证的问卷来验证无中风状态。

结果显示,7607例患者中,108例(1.4%)在7天内发生了后续卒中,83例(1.1%)在7天内进行了颈动脉内膜切除术/颈动脉支架植入术,9例同时进行了这两项手术。其中,与ABCD2相比,CTIAS评分在区分7天内后续卒中风险、颈动脉内膜切除术/颈动脉支架置入术的准确性都更高。

进一步分析显示,CTIAS评分将在患者进行风险分层上的准确性为70%,高于ABCD2的准确率(60%)。此外,结果还提示,无论是否在7天内进行颈动脉内膜切除术/颈动脉支架植入术,后续中风的结果都是相似的。

综上,TIA虽小,中风风险不小!CTIAS可以对患者7天卒中风险进行有效分层。未来将这一经过验证的风险评估纳入管理计划,可以实现改善急诊就诊时关于住院益处、调查时机和专家转诊优先顺序的早期决策。

 

参考文献:

Prospective validation of Canadian TIA Score and comparison with ABCD2 and ABCD2i for subsequent stroke risk after transient ischaemic attack: multicentre prospective cohort study. BMJ 2021; 372 doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n49

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    2021-10-09 gaoxiaoe
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1849191, encodeId=5bfa1849191ac, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2977356edc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#BMJ#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=3567, encryptionId=2977356edc, topicName=BMJ)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=148754, createdName=gaoxiaoe, createdTime=Sat Oct 09 15:14:42 CST 2021, time=2021-10-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1795680, encodeId=6fc21e95680cb, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=53071e432e5' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#TIA后卒中#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=67, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=17432, encryptionId=53071e432e5, topicName=TIA后卒中)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d58a435, createdName=sjq027, createdTime=Mon Apr 19 19:14:42 CST 2021, time=2021-04-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1281360, encodeId=3fe21281360f2, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=455f36085f0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#卒中风险#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=50, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=36085, encryptionId=455f36085f0, topicName=卒中风险)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a8f1167, createdName=wmr111, createdTime=Mon Feb 22 10:14:42 CST 2021, time=2021-02-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1026771, encodeId=8cfb1026e714e, content=卒中虽然是临床上常见病,溶栓,取栓等血管内治疗也很成熟,但是仍然有很多未知问题有待认知!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=88, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=健健, createdTime=Sat Feb 20 22:14:42 CST 2021, time=2021-02-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1046022, encodeId=a4c41046022f7, content=中风是俗称,应该称为缺血性卒中吧, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=96, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=guging, createdTime=Sat Feb 20 22:14:42 CST 2021, time=2021-02-20, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
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  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1849191, encodeId=5bfa1849191ac, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2977356edc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#BMJ#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=3567, encryptionId=2977356edc, topicName=BMJ)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=148754, createdName=gaoxiaoe, createdTime=Sat Oct 09 15:14:42 CST 2021, time=2021-10-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1795680, encodeId=6fc21e95680cb, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=53071e432e5' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#TIA后卒中#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=67, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=17432, encryptionId=53071e432e5, topicName=TIA后卒中)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d58a435, createdName=sjq027, createdTime=Mon Apr 19 19:14:42 CST 2021, time=2021-04-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1281360, encodeId=3fe21281360f2, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=455f36085f0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#卒中风险#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=50, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=36085, encryptionId=455f36085f0, topicName=卒中风险)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a8f1167, createdName=wmr111, createdTime=Mon Feb 22 10:14:42 CST 2021, time=2021-02-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1026771, encodeId=8cfb1026e714e, content=卒中虽然是临床上常见病,溶栓,取栓等血管内治疗也很成熟,但是仍然有很多未知问题有待认知!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=88, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=健健, createdTime=Sat Feb 20 22:14:42 CST 2021, time=2021-02-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1046022, encodeId=a4c41046022f7, content=中风是俗称,应该称为缺血性卒中吧, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=96, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=guging, createdTime=Sat Feb 20 22:14:42 CST 2021, time=2021-02-20, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-02-20 健健

    卒中虽然是临床上常见病,溶栓,取栓等血管内治疗也很成熟,但是仍然有很多未知问题有待认知!

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1849191, encodeId=5bfa1849191ac, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2977356edc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#BMJ#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=3567, encryptionId=2977356edc, topicName=BMJ)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=148754, createdName=gaoxiaoe, createdTime=Sat Oct 09 15:14:42 CST 2021, time=2021-10-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1795680, encodeId=6fc21e95680cb, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=53071e432e5' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#TIA后卒中#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=67, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=17432, encryptionId=53071e432e5, topicName=TIA后卒中)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d58a435, createdName=sjq027, createdTime=Mon Apr 19 19:14:42 CST 2021, time=2021-04-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1281360, encodeId=3fe21281360f2, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=455f36085f0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#卒中风险#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=50, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=36085, encryptionId=455f36085f0, topicName=卒中风险)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a8f1167, createdName=wmr111, createdTime=Mon Feb 22 10:14:42 CST 2021, time=2021-02-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1026771, encodeId=8cfb1026e714e, content=卒中虽然是临床上常见病,溶栓,取栓等血管内治疗也很成熟,但是仍然有很多未知问题有待认知!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=88, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=健健, createdTime=Sat Feb 20 22:14:42 CST 2021, time=2021-02-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1046022, encodeId=a4c41046022f7, content=中风是俗称,应该称为缺血性卒中吧, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=96, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=guging, createdTime=Sat Feb 20 22:14:42 CST 2021, time=2021-02-20, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-02-20 guging

    中风是俗称,应该称为缺血性卒中吧

    0

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