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Diabetes Care:青年糖尿病预后更差?下列因素可早期预测日后血糖控制情况!

2021-09-06 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

2型糖尿病(T2DM)在青年和成人中变得越来越普遍。

随着超重和肥胖患病率的增加,2型糖尿病(T2DM)在青年和成人中变得越来越普遍。糖尿病前期患者的胰岛β细胞功能的逐渐恶化通常会导致T2DM。一旦出现高血糖,进展为T2DM和进一步丧失β细胞功能的速度在糖尿病前期患者中差异很大。

在一项对77000名由HbA1c定义的糖尿病前期成人的观察性纵向研究中,一小部分人(5.2%)在2年内发展为T2DM的风险非常高,而大多数人(81.5%)的风险较低。同样,在基于HbA1c的糖尿病前期的肥胖青年中,多达8%的人在随访12-22个月后发展为T2DM。

在青少年2型糖尿病治疗方案(TODAY)研究中,对已患T2DM的青少年进行了平均3.86年的监测,50%的参与者在口服治疗失败后需要使用胰岛素,治疗失败的中位时间为11.5个月,而TODAY中的其他青少年仅靠口服糖尿病药物来维持血糖控制。

值得注意的是,TODAY中的年轻人的β细胞功能和血糖控制比以前报道的成年人恶化得更快;然而,以前没有研究直接在同一研究中纵向比较青年和成年人的T2DM。识别青年和成人的β细胞功能恶化的因素,对于设计干预措施以延缓或防止每个年龄组的血糖恶化至关重要。

为此,来自美国芝加哥大学、华盛顿大学及其它几所高校的专家联合开展了一项名为“保存胰岛素分泌能力(RISE)研究”,旨在评估药物干预是否能够成功地恢复或保护患有葡萄糖不耐受受损(IGT)或最近诊断的T2DM病的青年和成人的β细胞功能,结果发表在Diabetes Care杂志上。

该研究共有91名青少年(10-19岁)被1:1随机分配到12个月的二甲双胍(MET)组或3个月的格列宁+9个月二甲双胍组(G-MET),267名成年人被随机分配到MET、G-MET、利拉鲁肽加MET(LIRA+MET)或安慰剂,为期12个月。所有参与者在基线、第6个月、第12个月以及第15个月和第21个月停止治疗时进行基线高血糖和3小时口服葡萄糖耐量试验(OGTT)。Cox模型确定了血糖恶化的基线预测因素(HbA1c比基线增加≥0.5%)。

在M12(治疗中)和M21(停药后9个月),血糖从基线的变化。

结果显示,在第12个月,有17.8%的青少年发生血糖恶化,而成人只有7.5%(P = 0.008);在第21个月,有36%的青少年发生血糖恶化,而成人只有20%(P = 0.002),两组均有显著统计学差异。

在青年中,血糖恶化并不因治疗而有差异。在成人中,使用LIRA+MET与安慰剂相比,第12个月的血糖恶化程度减少79%(HR=0.21,95%CI:0.05-0.96,P = 0.044)。

在两个年龄组中,较低的基线β细胞反应预示着第12个月和第21个月的血糖恶化(P<0.01)。较低的基线OGTT衍生的β细胞反应预测了第21个月的恶化(P < 0.05)。在青少年中,较高的基线HbA1c和2小时血糖预测12个月和21个月的血糖恶化,较高的空腹血糖预测21个月的恶化(P < 0.05)。在成人中,较低的β细胞和OGTT衍生的胰岛素敏感性预示着第12个月和第21个月的恶化(P < 0.05)。

从IGT发展到2型糖尿病的生命表估计

与患有糖耐量受损或最近诊断的T2DM的成年人相比,青少年的血糖恶化更为常见主要与基线β细胞反应较低有关。

 

参考文献:

Baseline Predictors of Glycemic Worsening in Youth and Adults With Impaired Glucose Tolerance or Recently Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes in the Restoring Insulin Secretion (RISE) Study. Diabetes Care 2021 Sep; 44(9): 1938-1947. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc21-0027

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该研究基于中国全国代表性数据,发现糖尿病和糖尿病前期与死亡风险增加及预期寿命减少显著相关。

Front Endocrinol:日本正常体重成人代谢异常与糖尿病风险的纵向研究

糖尿病是21世纪严重的全球健康问题,到2025年全球将有超过5.709亿人受到影响。糖尿病与视网膜病变、肾病和心血管疾病等严重并发症相关,对健康、生活质量和医疗费用产生重大影响。

PLoS One:中国学者发文糖尿病合并急性心肌梗死患者的血糖纵向轨迹和30天死亡率

入院时维持较低的平均血糖水平,或在入院后24小时内采取适当措施迅速将血糖降至正常水平,可能有助于降低急性心肌梗死合并糖尿病患者30天内死亡的风险。

糖尿病“治愈” 有望!新药让3/4患者摆脱胰岛素依赖 | EASD 2024

研究结果显示,单次输注VX-880可显著改善血糖水平且不出现严重低血糖事件,患者有望摆脱对外源胰岛素的依赖,实现糖尿病“治愈”。

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