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新生儿戒断综合征合并早产儿视网膜病变一例

2018-01-23 佚名 中华儿科杂志

患儿,男,40h,出生胎龄36周,为母亲第1胎第1产

【一般资料】

患儿,男,40h,出生胎龄36周,为母亲第1胎第1产

【主诉】

因患儿“四肢抽搐,不吸吮28h”于2015年3月入住南华大学附属郴州市第一人民医院新生儿科。

【现病史】

患儿母亲妊娠早、中、晚期均有“吸毒史(冰毒)”,因“胎膜早破4h”患儿剖宫产出生,否认生后窒息及抢救史,出生体重2400g,阿氏评分1、5、10min分别为8、10、10分。患儿生后12h出现四肢抽搐,下肢尤甚,受声音,光等刺激后抽搐明显,安静后可缓解,但频繁发作,伴不吸吮,反应差,无双眼上翻、无口吐白沫及发绀等症状,生后40h来我院就诊,收住院治疗。

【体格检查】

体温36.8℃,呼吸48次/min,心率140次/min,血压95/55mmHg(1mmHg=0.133kPa),早产儿外貌,皮肤无黄染,前囟平软,张力不高,双侧瞳孔对光反射灵敏,口唇无发绀,呼吸平稳,未见三凹征,双肺呼吸音粗、对称,未闻及啰音,心音有力,律齐,未闻及杂音,腹平软,肝脾肋下未扪及肿大,肠鸣音正常,男性外生殖器,肛门外观正常,四肢肌张力稍高,肢端暖,足底毛细血管充盈时间2s。

【辅助检查】

床旁微量血糖:5.5mmol/L;血气分析示:pH值7.46,二氧化碳分压35mmHg,氧分压61.7mmHg,实际碳酸氢根21mmol/L,标准碳酸氢根23.4mmol/L,血氧饱和度97.5%,剩余碱-1.2;血常规示:白细胞计数12.78×109/L,红细胞计数4.26×1012/L,血红蛋白159g/L,血小板计数240×109/L;凝血四项示:凝血酶原时间19.3s,活化部分凝血酶原时间58.2s,凝血酶时间测定20.3s;电解质示:钙:2.19mmol/L,钾:3.59mmol/L,钠:144.3mmol/L,镁:0.89mmol/L;肝功能示:总胆红素90.8μmol/L,直接胆红素13.4μmol/L,间接胆红素77.4μmol/L;肾功能、心肌酶谱未见异常;C反应蛋白:0.3mg/L;术前抗体,四大抗体及TORCH未见异常;血培养示:无菌生长。胸X线片示:未见明显心肺异常;头颅彩色B超示:双侧脑室旁白质回声增强I度心脏彩色B超示:(1)卵圆孔未闭,(2)三尖瓣轻度反流腹部彩色B超示:(1)左肾轻度积水,(2)上腹腔肠气增多,(3)肝、胆、胰、脾、右肾、双侧输尿管、膀胱未见明显异常声像,(4)双侧肾上腺未见明显异常声像;头颅MRI示:(1)双侧顶枕叶脑沟裂稍变窄,磁共振扩散加权成像(DWI)信号稍增高:提示脑水肿,(2)蛛网膜下腔少量出血,(3)双侧苍白球T1加权成像(T1WI)信号对称性稍增高。

【治疗经过】

结合患儿母亲妊娠期吸毒史,根据临床症状及Lipsite11项症状评分>4分,排除缺氧缺血性脑病、颅内出血、低血糖及低钙、低镁血症、败血症等,诊断新生儿戒断综合征并予以对症支持治疗。入院后予40mg苯巴比妥钠静脉推注,肢体抽搐症状减轻,而后苯巴比妥钠10mg静脉推注维持5d及加强营养支持,维持内环境稳定,患儿肢体抽搐症状消失,反应好转,吸吮力增强,入院后第2天采用美国科瑞医疗系统公司研发的新生儿数字化眼底成像系统-Retcam3行眼底筛查示:双眼外眼无异常,结膜无充血,角膜透明,晶体透明,托吡卡胺扩瞳后查眼底:视乳头边界清,呈淡红色,C/D约0.3,后极部血管走行可,无明显迂曲、扩张,未见明显出血、渗出等异常征象,颞侧周边血管尚未完全发育,右眼颞侧周边血管区与无血管区之间可见分界线隆起呈嵴样改变,嵴前血管走行尚可,范围约1.5个钟点位,左眼颞侧周边未见明显“分界线”形成。根据2013年早产儿治疗用氧和视网膜病变防治指南(修订版)。考虑右眼3区2期早产儿视网膜病变(图1)。2周后复查眼底提示:双眼外眼(-),结膜无充血,角膜透明,晶体透明,托吡卡胺扩瞳后查眼底:视乳头边界清,呈淡红色,C/D约0.3,后极部血管走行可,无明显迂曲、扩张,未见明显出血、渗出等异常征象,颞侧周边血管尚未完全发育,右眼颞侧周边血管区与无血管区之间仍可见分界线隆起呈嵴样改变,较前有减退,左眼颞侧周边未见明显“分界线”形成,考虑右眼3区2期ROP,较前减退(图2)。患儿住院15d,出院后2周复查见视网膜病变消退(图3)。


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    2018-01-25 zutt
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