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PNAS:突破!科学家发现机体感染或会诱发自身免疫疾病的发生

2017-01-08 佚名 生物谷

图片摘自:www.arrayit.com 近日,发表在国际杂志Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences上的一项最新研究报告中,来自巴塞尔大学等机构的研究人员通过研究阐明了自身免疫疾病和感染性疾病之间的可能性关联,研究者发现,当机体免疫细胞吸收来自病原细胞的特定蛋白时就会导致某种“错误”发生。 如今人们都知道,机体感染和自身免疫之间的关

图片摘自:www.arrayit.com

近日,发表在国际杂志Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences上的一项最新研究报告中,来自巴塞尔大学等机构的研究人员通过研究阐明了自身免疫疾病和感染性疾病之间的可能性关联,研究者发现,当机体免疫细胞吸收来自病原细胞的特定蛋白时就会导致某种“错误”发生。

如今人们都知道,机体感染和自身免疫之间的关联,自身免疫也就是机体无法识别自身的组织,因此过多地增加自身卫生或许就会导致人群中自身免疫疾病发生率的增加。而且一些感染往往还会诱发某些自身免疫疾病的发生,然而这二者之间的关联目前研究者并不清楚,一种可能性的解释就是机体的免疫系统会将来自病原体的蛋白结构同机体自身的蛋白相互混淆,因为这两类蛋白在结构上非常相似。

这项研究中,研究人员利用实验检测了一种假设,来调查机体免疫细胞识别附近细胞表面特殊蛋白质的能力,同时还检测了免疫细胞捕获细胞膜中蛋白质的能力;在某些特定的情况下,当免疫细胞摄入这些蛋白时就会导致错误发生。研究者假设认为,免疫B细胞不仅能够捕获具有特异性地流感病毒蛋白,还能够捕获很少量的其它邻居细胞的膜蛋白,比如我们所熟知的自身抗原,其就起源于中枢神经系统中细胞的细胞膜,而机体对膜蛋白的免疫反应会诱发动物模型大脑的自身免疫炎性反应,同时还会诱发人类机体出现类似的炎症。

当B细胞同掺入流感病毒蛋白与膜蛋白的细胞进行培养时不仅能够激活其它免疫细胞(尤其是特殊的T细胞)来抵御病毒,还能够激活T细胞识别自身的细胞的膜蛋白,从而诱发大脑中自身免疫炎性的发生,因此,病毒感染常常会通过引发B细胞摄入蛋白的错误,进而诱发自动攻击T细胞的激活。

当研究人员利用遗传修饰小鼠机体的细胞进行研究时发现了上述机制,下一步他们还将继续深入研究来研究是否相似的错误会在人类机体B细胞摄入蛋白时出现,研究者想通过研究阐明是否在特定情况下,动物机体的病毒感染会引发大脑中自身免疫炎性疾病的发生。

原始出处

Nicholas S. R. Sandersona,1, Maria Zimmermanna, Luca Eilingera, Céline Gubsera, Nicole Schaeren-Wiemersa, Raija L. P. Lindberga, Stephanie K. Douganb,2, Hidde L. Ploeghb,3, Ludwig Kapposa,c,d,e, and Tobias Derfussa,c,1.Cocapture of cognate and bystander antigens can activate autoreactive B cells.PNAS.2016

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    2017-11-26 智智灵药
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