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Medscape伦理学报告2014, 第二部分(之二): 金钱,浪漫和患者

2015-02-04 CSCCM CSCCM公众微信

由于越来越多的医院和医疗系统采取了利益分配计划或针对超出预算的行为采取惩罚措施,因而对于限制治疗措施的预期也日益增加。医生在多大程度上会屈服于这种压力? "限制必要治疗以节约费用是违背伦理的行为。" "我的职责是治疗患者,而不是治疗保险公司。与其损害患者,我宁可被炒鱿鱼。" "我们都需要控制费用;避免不必要的治疗是正确的做法。" "我尽量避免接收医疗费用高的患者;但是对于现有患者,

由于越来越多的医院和医疗系统采取了利益分配计划或针对超出预算的行为采取惩罚措施,因而对于限制治疗措施的预期也日益增加。医生在多大程度上会屈服于这种压力?

"限制必要治疗以节约费用是违背伦理的行为。"

"我的职责是治疗患者,而不是治疗保险公司。与其损害患者,我宁可被炒鱿鱼。"

"我们都需要控制费用;避免不必要的治疗是正确的做法。"

"我尽量避免接收医疗费用高的患者;但是对于现有患者,我不会拒绝治疗。"

面临这一问题的医生通常试图在挣钱的现实与帮助患者的希望之间取得平衡。一些医生制定特殊的折扣政策,其他医生在工作时间之外治疗没有医疗保险的患者,但是很多医生认为此时并无好的选择,只有听任患者离开。

"这是没有赢家的情况。如果你在经济上的利益不能保证,你就不能诊治任何患者。我很确定我不是能够帮助这些患者的唯一的医生。"

"金钱当然是重要的,但是医患关系或相互信任是无价的而且是永恒的。"

"我为什么要对因自己的工作得到的收入而感到不安 ? 只要我不贪婪即可。"

"我的确感到短暂的悲哀。患者总是能够改变保险计划或自己付费。如果他们想到我这里就诊,他们可以选择不同的付费方式。患者有自己的选择,我也同样。"

大约半数的医生(53%)拒绝受到影响,很有意思的是,也有将近一半的人表示他们会拒绝患者。

"医疗并非人头税计划的数学平均值。"

"不,我会与患者进行推心置腹的沟通。"

"有时,那些滥用资源的人应当受到教育,如果这仍然不管用,就拒绝他们。"

"如果患者滥用医疗资源,我会首先与患者谈话,若他仍然我行我素,我会拒绝接诊这名患者。"

"我不喜欢那些没有任何原因就寻求医疗帮助的患者。"

多达89%的医生回答"是的"。医生表示,应对家庭暴力如同打开潘多拉的盒子;很多人发现如下情况,医生对可疑的情况进行了报告,最终影响了受到错误指控的患者的生活。有时医生自己的生活也会受到损害。其他医生说到,他们非常高兴能够终止这种危险的情况。

"我表示怀疑,但患者否认。我仔细进行了观察,但未发现任何其他证据,所以我没有报告。"

"我发觉一名年轻女性可能受到了继父的性虐,但是她表示否认,即使在她的继父不在房间的时候。她年龄18岁,已经是法律上的成年人,但是仍然没有完全成熟,我相信她在精神上受到束缚。我下班回家后需要洗个淋浴才能让情绪平复。"

"事实上,我的确怀疑一名女士受到虐待。我后来发现,那其实是个意外,另一名见证人也证实了这一点。"

"我总是确保在保证隐私的情况下询问患者,但是如果他们对我撒谎,我无能为力。当我有更多证据时,我会采取措施。"

有时伦理学困境涉及到某些相矛盾的原则,各个不同的观点都有支持的证据。这个问题涉及隐私以及社会公众利益。自从2010年我们询问同一问题以来,医生对于社会责任的态度有所改变。2010年,57%的医生表示破坏患者的隐私是可以接受的;目前这一比例为66%。欧洲医生作出这一选择的比例稍少。

"我告诉患者,他的重要亲友如果询问患者是否罹患传染病,我会告诉他们。"

"多年以前,我遇到一名HIV阳性患者,她曾进行无保护的性行为。我请一名护士在偶然的情况下使患者的性伴了解到,鉴于患者的病情,他的行为存在很大风险。"

"公共安全总是优先于患者隐私。"

"我们对所有患者都有责任,并非仅针对其中一位患者。如果患者对其他人具有明确的和现实的危险(杀人倾向,TB,HIV等),应当向公众报告。"

对于很多医生而言,在对职业忠诚与保护患者之间清楚地划分界限非常困难。

"由于有关诽谤的法律规定,人们需要对此格外小心,但是患者(安全)更为重要。我会鼓励患者在别处寻求治疗,尽可能少地直接批评那些医生。"

"如果患者询问我的专业意见,我只会稍微提及。"

"要非常小心,而且仅当我有证据如亲身经历时(而非道听途说)。"

"我会非常不愿意说其他医生的坏话,除非他们的确非常危险。"

超过3/4的医生说自己曾经举报过能力受到影响的同事,但多数表示他们会首先与该名同事面谈,并鼓励他(或她)寻求帮助。很多医生提到自己在举报同事时发现情感上难度很大,尽管他们知道自己做的事情非常正确。

"我们所做的事情不应危害患者,这是指对我们的患者和我们自己。如果允许能力受到影响的同事继续我行我素,我们实际上在危害患者。"

"我同他们谈话并告诫他们寻求帮助后...如果他们仍然不接受治疗或改变自己,我会举报他们。"

"我曾经举报过一名朋友—他已经不再是我的朋友了,但是我必须这么做;当我与他们进行个别交谈时,他们不愿意接受帮助,那么患者的安全就受到了威胁。"

"我现在会这么做,但是过去我从未这么做过,那是我还是一名年轻医生。"

很多医生对于人们认为自己如此容易被收买表示非常愤怒。其他人则认为自己所得到的药品知识远远超过单纯依靠阅读文献所得到的。但是,将近1/3的医生认为,那些宣称不会受到影响的人们其实仅仅在欺骗自己。

"我的治疗决策从来不是基于价值5美元的三明治做出的。我不使用某种品牌或某种类型的治疗只是因为那种治疗并不适当。我更多使用某种治疗的原因在于这种治疗更有效,更便宜,耐受性更好,等等。"

"好的药物自己不能说话。如果我相信好的药物,我就会进行选纯。我欢迎药物公司进行合理的支持以便与其他医生进行交流。"

"这显然是利益冲突。几乎没有可能保持中立。"

这一问题引发了医生很强烈的情绪反应,很多人认为药检有用,其他人把药检视为伤害。

"在关键行业(飞行员,宇航员等)工作的任何人在伤害自己或他人前是否都应当接受检查 ?"

"是的,因为药物和酒精能够影响医生的判断,并使患者处于危险之中。"

"我认为医生受到的伤害已经够多了。"

"我认为我们应当自律。不应允许管理者的介入。"

"这种事情并不多见,不值得大惊小怪。很多滥用药物者是由于行为异常而被发现。"

各个专科对于医生是否应当接受药检的意见差别很大。其中,神经内科(47%)和麻醉科(45%)医生最支持这种措施;而血液科(29%)与整形外科(25%)医生的支持率最低。

"我们的职业责任远远超过简单的就诊。受到药物影响的同事所作的错误决策或错误处方的后果可能对患者造成为期数年的影响。"

"我觉得随机药检是对人身自由的侵犯。"

"是的,但是应当有合法的理由,并对所有人事前提出警告。"

"努力引导患者接受适宜的治疗且不破坏医生的声誉。患者虽然感到高兴,但是并未意识到医生没有应对、治疗或忽略了目前或近期可能致命的问题。"

"上级医生要求根据外部事物进行决策(如节约费用等原因)。"

"透露患者可能对他人造成危害的病情。"

"必须进行那些我认为不必要的治疗,而这恰恰是公众期望的。"


感谢CSCCM授权转发,本文未经同意谢绝转载!


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    2015-05-11 smlt2008
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    2015-06-03 feather89
  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1897976, encodeId=8609189e976db, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=832c404308' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CAP#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=67, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4043, encryptionId=832c404308, topicName=CAP)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c39f145, createdName=smlt2008, createdTime=Mon May 11 15:54:00 CST 2015, time=2015-05-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1725748, encodeId=dc501e25748fc, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=986913980dd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#PE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=13980, encryptionId=986913980dd, topicName=PE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f06c33759375, createdName=feather89, createdTime=Wed Jun 03 18:54:00 CST 2015, time=2015-06-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2062463, encodeId=0af8206246339, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=fc8f260491d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#伦理学#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=76, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=26049, encryptionId=fc8f260491d, topicName=伦理学)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=ec37461, createdName=szhvet, createdTime=Thu Jan 14 01:54:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=15933, encodeId=70311593385, content=已阅, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c68e1614119, createdName=windmilL1989, createdTime=Mon Feb 16 14:50:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1298964, encodeId=825c1298964e3, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=aaca260456b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#伦理#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=67, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=26045, encryptionId=aaca260456b, topicName=伦理)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d8f9279, createdName=slcumt, createdTime=Fri Feb 06 06:54:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1350974, encodeId=41ec13509e4a1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f5a31596056' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#SCAP#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=74, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=15960, encryptionId=f5a31596056, topicName=SCAP)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4c37265, createdName=zhaojie88, createdTime=Fri Feb 06 06:54:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1458573, encodeId=129814585e37e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6b5511492e2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Medscape#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=75, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11492, encryptionId=6b5511492e2, topicName=Medscape)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=e4ab6090887, createdName=bnjfx@128.com, createdTime=Fri Feb 06 06:54:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1606399, encodeId=6709160639937, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=eb6b1145939' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Med#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11459, encryptionId=eb6b1145939, topicName=Med)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=552a19396740, createdName=ms3994565386320060, createdTime=Fri Feb 06 06:54:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-06, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-01-14 szhvet
  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1897976, encodeId=8609189e976db, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=832c404308' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CAP#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=67, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4043, encryptionId=832c404308, topicName=CAP)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c39f145, createdName=smlt2008, createdTime=Mon May 11 15:54:00 CST 2015, time=2015-05-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1725748, encodeId=dc501e25748fc, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=986913980dd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#PE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=13980, encryptionId=986913980dd, topicName=PE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f06c33759375, createdName=feather89, createdTime=Wed Jun 03 18:54:00 CST 2015, time=2015-06-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2062463, encodeId=0af8206246339, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=fc8f260491d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#伦理学#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=76, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=26049, encryptionId=fc8f260491d, topicName=伦理学)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=ec37461, createdName=szhvet, createdTime=Thu Jan 14 01:54:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=15933, encodeId=70311593385, content=已阅, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c68e1614119, createdName=windmilL1989, createdTime=Mon Feb 16 14:50:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1298964, encodeId=825c1298964e3, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=aaca260456b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#伦理#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=67, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=26045, encryptionId=aaca260456b, topicName=伦理)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d8f9279, createdName=slcumt, createdTime=Fri Feb 06 06:54:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1350974, encodeId=41ec13509e4a1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f5a31596056' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#SCAP#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=74, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=15960, encryptionId=f5a31596056, topicName=SCAP)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4c37265, createdName=zhaojie88, createdTime=Fri Feb 06 06:54:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1458573, encodeId=129814585e37e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6b5511492e2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Medscape#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=75, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11492, encryptionId=6b5511492e2, topicName=Medscape)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=e4ab6090887, createdName=bnjfx@128.com, createdTime=Fri Feb 06 06:54:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1606399, encodeId=6709160639937, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=eb6b1145939' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Med#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11459, encryptionId=eb6b1145939, topicName=Med)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=552a19396740, createdName=ms3994565386320060, createdTime=Fri Feb 06 06:54:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-06, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-02-16 windmilL1989

    已阅

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1897976, encodeId=8609189e976db, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=832c404308' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CAP#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=67, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4043, encryptionId=832c404308, topicName=CAP)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c39f145, createdName=smlt2008, createdTime=Mon May 11 15:54:00 CST 2015, time=2015-05-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1725748, encodeId=dc501e25748fc, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=986913980dd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#PE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=13980, encryptionId=986913980dd, topicName=PE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f06c33759375, createdName=feather89, createdTime=Wed Jun 03 18:54:00 CST 2015, time=2015-06-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2062463, encodeId=0af8206246339, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=fc8f260491d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#伦理学#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=76, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=26049, encryptionId=fc8f260491d, topicName=伦理学)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=ec37461, createdName=szhvet, createdTime=Thu Jan 14 01:54:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=15933, encodeId=70311593385, content=已阅, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c68e1614119, createdName=windmilL1989, createdTime=Mon Feb 16 14:50:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1298964, encodeId=825c1298964e3, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=aaca260456b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#伦理#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=67, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=26045, encryptionId=aaca260456b, topicName=伦理)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d8f9279, createdName=slcumt, createdTime=Fri Feb 06 06:54:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1350974, encodeId=41ec13509e4a1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f5a31596056' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#SCAP#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=74, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=15960, encryptionId=f5a31596056, topicName=SCAP)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4c37265, createdName=zhaojie88, createdTime=Fri Feb 06 06:54:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1458573, encodeId=129814585e37e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6b5511492e2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Medscape#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=75, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11492, encryptionId=6b5511492e2, topicName=Medscape)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=e4ab6090887, createdName=bnjfx@128.com, createdTime=Fri Feb 06 06:54:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1606399, encodeId=6709160639937, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=eb6b1145939' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Med#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11459, encryptionId=eb6b1145939, topicName=Med)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=552a19396740, createdName=ms3994565386320060, createdTime=Fri Feb 06 06:54:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-06, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-02-06 slcumt
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    2015-02-06 zhaojie88
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