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Pediatrics:美国64%自闭儿童接受了精神药物治疗

2013-10-28 爱思唯尔 EMGN

根据《儿科学》(Pediatrics)10月21日在线发表的一篇报告,在一个包括33,000多例自闭症谱系障碍儿童患者的全美样本中,64%的儿童患者使用至少1种精神药物,35%使用多种精神药物。约15%接受多种精神药物治疗的儿童使用≥3类药物。多重用药的情况甚至在极年幼的儿童也较为常见,见于33%的2~10岁儿童和10%的≤1岁婴儿。研究者表示,上述结果令人担忧,因为目前缺乏证据证明儿童使用这些药

根据《儿科学》(Pediatrics)10月21日在线发表的一篇报告,在一个包括33,000多例自闭症谱系障碍儿童患者的全美样本中,64%的儿童患者使用至少1种精神药物,35%使用多种精神药物。约15%接受多种精神药物治疗的儿童使用≥3类药物。多重用药的情况甚至在极年幼的儿童也较为常见,见于33%的2~10岁儿童和10%的≤1岁婴儿。【原文下载】

研究者表示,上述结果令人担忧,因为目前缺乏证据证明儿童使用这些药物具有安全性或有效性。在儿童时期,处于发育阶段的大脑和身体可能尤其容易受到环境或生物学方面的影响。 

虽然有报道指出,精神药物在一般儿童和自闭症儿童中的使用率日益增加,但目前为止尚无研究得出准确的估计值,因为这些研究存在样本量小、依赖父母报告和评估时间非常短等缺陷。不同研究得出的精神药物在自闭症儿童中的估计使用率存在较大差异,介于27%~83%。

为了获得较为准确的估计值,Donna Spencer博士及其同事采用一个美国大型商业健康计划的索赔数据库进行了这项回顾观察性研究。研究者发现,在8年研究期间,全美有33,565例0~20岁自闭症谱系障碍儿童参与该健康计划,平均参与时间为44个月。

共21,334例(64%)患者被处方至少1次精神药物,11,598例(35%)被多次处方超过1类精神药物。在后一组中,多重用药的平均“次”数为5.6,多重用药的平均天数为525天。

约20%的多重用药儿童被处方2类药物,10%被处方3类药物,5%被处方≥4类药物。常见的药物类别组合是抗抑郁药和注意力缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)药物(38%的患者);抗精神病药和ADHD药物(28%);抗精神病药和抗抑郁药(20%);以及抗精神病药、抗抑郁药和ADHD药物(18%)。45%或约15,000例自闭症谱系障碍患者曾到精神病科就诊,其中85%曾使用任何精神药物。

同时与任何精神药物的使用和多种精神药物的使用有最显著相关性的因素是合并症,特别是合并痫性发作、ADHD、双相障碍、焦虑或抑郁。使用精神药物的情况和使用多种精神药物的情况多见于白人儿童和≤11岁的儿童。

该研究存在一些局限性。例如,根据行政索赔数据无法得知患者实际上是否使用药物或是否遵照医嘱使用。研究者没有检查特定儿童的剂量或剂量的适当性,因为药物用量通常取决于儿童的体重。这一疏漏可能导致,在药物减停但仍处方的情况下,精神药物的使用和多重用药被高估。然而,研究者表示,该研究表明初级保健医生需仔细询问用药史并监测患者的症状,以确保用药有效。

该研究获美国国立精神卫生研究所支持。

原文出处:

Spencer D, Marshall J, Post B, Kulakodlu M, Newschaffer C, Dennen T, Azocar F, Jain A.Psychotropic Medication Use and Polypharmacy in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders.Pediatrics. 2013 Oct 21.【原文下载】

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    2014-03-14 feather89
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    2014-05-12 hbwxf
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    2013-10-30 xiongke014
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