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Nat Mater:哈佛大学新型癌症疫苗促进有效DC细胞识别与免疫记忆形成

2018-05-31 佚名 生物极客

免疫疗法正在走向癌症治疗的前沿。根据哈佛大学的一项新研究,最近的临床试验已经证明,这些方法可以针对每个人的肿瘤的独特突变情况进行个性化治疗,从而为许多患者点燃新的希望。

免疫疗法正在走向癌症治疗的前沿。根据哈佛大学的一项新研究,最近的临床试验已经证明,这些方法可以针对每个人的肿瘤的独特突变情况进行个性化治疗,从而为许多患者点燃新的希望。

这些发展的基础是肿瘤特异性的“新抗原”,存在于肿瘤细胞表面上的突变肽。吞噬新抗原后,免疫系统的树突状细胞(DC)可以启动强大的T细胞反应,攻击表达它们的癌细胞,这意味着它们会刺激患者的免疫系统以破坏自己的肿瘤。但是,尽管取得了这样的成功,但仍然很难将不同类型的肽整合到免疫系统可接受的“癌症疫苗”中。

哈佛Wyss生物启发工程研究所,哈佛大学John A. Paulson工程与应用科学学院(SEAS)和Dana-Farber癌症研究所的研究小组的新研究描述了一种使用一些生物材料递送抗原肽到DC细胞的新方法。

Wyss研究所核心教授David Mooney和他的团队在Nature Methods发表的一篇论文中解释了这种策略如何在刺激抗肿瘤反应方面更加有效,并且重要的是在保持动物排斥肿瘤的小鼠模型中的肿瘤特异性免疫记忆至少半年。

“在免疫治疗中使用新抗原具有巨大的前景,因为预测它们在个体肿瘤中变得越来越可靠。我们的材料方法能够在一个单一的支架上非常容易和有效地混合和匹配预测的新抗原,作为递送载体,可以与目前的进展相融合,以实现更有效的个性化癌症治疗,“负责该研究的Mooney说。穆尼还领导Wyss研究所的免疫材料平台,是SEAS生物工程的Robert P. Pinkas教授。

科学家们使用了他们以前开发的可编程生物材料,这种材料由微小的介孔二氧化硅棒(MSRs)制成,可以注入皮下,自发组装成吸引和刺激DC的三维支架。然后他们用聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)包被MSRs,聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)是一种先前用于将DNA和蛋白质递送至细胞的聚合物。已经推测PEI具有免疫刺激作用。

“这使我们能够实现两件事:它能够随时吸收多种肽,无论其固有性质如何,无需进一步修饰它们;并且通过与多肽一起被DC接受,PEI增强了我们小鼠模型中DCs的刺激以及随之而来的肿瘤定向的细胞毒性T细胞应答,“第一作者Aileen Li表示,她与Mooney一起完成了她的研究生工作,现在是加州大学旧金山分校的博士后研究员。

除了PEI包衣外,疫苗还含有帮助它们吸引DC和促进免疫功能的因子。比较缺乏PEI但具有所有其他成分的疫苗,研究小组发现它们在激活DC群体,刺激与邻近淋巴结中的T细胞的相互作用方面显着更有效,并且驱动识别肿瘤特异性的循环杀伤T细胞的产生肽。

通过提高战略的临床潜力,这些进展还转化为带有更多相关肿瘤的小鼠模型,研究人员由Dana-Farber癌症研究所癌症免疫学和病毒学系主任Kai Wucherpfennig带领的合作团队进行。

首先,他们设计了一种疫苗,该疫苗提供了人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)中众所周知的E7癌蛋白的模型肽,其导致宫颈癌和其他癌症。令人印象深刻的是,单次注射疫苗导致快速和完全根除小鼠中的HPV肿瘤,其中80%的动物寿命超过150天。相比之下,大多数未经处理的动物在30天内死于癌症,而缺乏PEI和传统配制疫苗的对照疫苗仅具有约一半的效果。即使在注射后六个月,用PEI制剂接种的动物仍可破坏肿瘤细胞,表明它们已形成对肿瘤的强大免疫记忆。

该研究小组通过对更激进和难以治疗的肿瘤模型进行研究,更密切地模拟了人类患者潜在的未来新抗原方法。

“我们将最近在小鼠黑色素瘤和结肠直肠肿瘤中鉴定到的五种新抗原引入我们的生物材料支架中,发现单次注射疫苗清除了肿瘤转移,并提供了对与多次注射相当的肿瘤的强免疫应答现有的疫苗“,李说。

当与免疫检查点疗法相结合时,它可以广泛地提高针对肿瘤的杀伤性T细胞活性,疫苗和检查点疗法的效果均得到增强。

不同的免疫检查点疗法目前在临床上进行,但是它们在许多患者和肿瘤中的效果仍然很弱。该团队认为,将他们与生物材料支持的新抗原方法结合起来可以更有效地治疗许多患者。

原始出处:

Aileen Weiwei Li, Miguel C. Sobral, Soumya Badrinath, et al. A facile approach to enhance antigen response for personalized cancer vaccination. Nature Materialsvolume 17, pages528–534 (2018), doi:10.1038/s41563-018-0028-2.

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    2019-01-02 liye789132251
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    2018-06-02 amyloid
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    2018-06-01 kafei

    学习了谢谢

    0

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    2018-05-31 131****1460

    学习了受益匪浅

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    2018-05-31 wqkm

    ^_^^_^^_^

    0

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