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二肽基肽酶-4抑制剂与两种磺脲类药物的联合使用有助于胰岛β细胞数的正常化

2022-09-02 liangying MedSci原创

通过格列齐特和格列其特与二肽基肽酶-4抑制剂的联合治疗,也观察到α细胞总体积的正常化。这些对于糖尿病的发展都是有缓解作用的。

2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者的数量正在稳步增加,寻找最佳的T2DM治疗方案仍具有重要意义。目前,有11类抗糖尿病药物可用于治疗2型糖尿病,然而,即使有这么多药物也并不总是能长期控制血糖。一个可能的原因是随着T2DM持续时间的延长,β细胞逐渐丧失。β细胞的生理数量是通过细胞凋亡和增殖之间的平衡来维持的。

磺脲类药物是使用时间最长的降糖药物之一,在全球范围内广泛使用。然而,关于磺酰脲类药物对胰岛形态影响的研究在很大程度上仅限于估计的β细胞数量,而且由于使用了多种研究条件,各种磺酰脲类药物对胰腺细胞形态的影响尚未完全阐明。另一组常用的抗糖尿病药物是二肽基肽酶-4抑制剂(DPP4i),这些药物倾向于增加β细胞的复制并抑制其凋亡,此外,DPP4i可以恢复α细胞对胰高血糖素水平的生理调节。

考虑到上述药物对胰腺细胞的多因素影响,评估药物联合治疗对β和α细胞的影响是很有意义的。因此,有研究者开始了一项实验研究,以评估接受磺脲类药物治疗和磺脲类与DPP4i联合治疗的12个月龄T2DM大鼠实验模型中胰岛的形态组成。这些实验研究使得在临床研究难以实施的条件下评估这些药物的效果成为可能。

在12个月大的大鼠中用链脲佐菌素-烟酰胺诱导发生2型糖尿病。动物接受磺酰脲类药物格列齐特/格列本脲单独治疗24周,或与DPP4i维达格列汀/维达格列汀单药联合治疗24周。在实验前和实验期间测量血糖和动物体重。在开始治疗前进行口服葡萄糖耐量试验。实验结束后使用胰高血糖素和胰岛素抗体进行免疫组化分析。根据胰岛体积估算α和β细胞的总体积(TV)。

结果发现,磺酰脲组和未治疗的2型糖尿病组的β细胞总量没有差异。添加磺酰脲的二肽基肽酶4抑制剂使β细胞的总体积归一化。与格列本脲组相比,格列齐特组以及格列齐特与DPP4i组合的α‐细胞的总体积与完整动物对照组相当。

治疗24周后胰岛免疫组化显微照片(20倍放大)

观察24周后各组大鼠胰腺α、β细胞TV(%)变化

众所周知,T2DM的发展伴随着β细胞TV的降低和α细胞TV的增加。目前正在积极研究T2DM中α细胞增生和β细胞数量减少的可能原因,考虑有几种可能的机制,其中一个机制是慢性炎症。该疾病的特征是促炎性细胞因子(包括IL-6)的过度分泌,IL-6可能是α细胞数量和功能的调节因子之一。IL-6的过度产生发生在内脏肥胖阶段,高脂肪饮食也会增加。这被认为是T2DM内分泌细胞功能障碍的机制之一。本研究虽然没有评估IL-6的水平和表达,但实验模型确实包括高脂肪饮食,所以能假设在本研究中这种机制也在内分泌细胞功能障碍的发展中起了一定作用。

另一个重要机制可能是β细胞向β细胞祖细胞的去分化。它是在高血糖、高脂肪营养和其他因素的影响下发生的。有研究称,如果最近发生T2DM(病程小于6年)的个体血糖和体重恢复正常水平,那么胰岛细胞组成会趋于正常化,T2DM也有可能缓解。

总之,研究发现DPP4i与两种磺脲类药物的联合使用有助于β细胞数的正常化。通过格列齐特和格列齐特与DPP4i的联合治疗,也观察到α细胞总体积的正常化。这些对于糖尿病的发展都是有缓解作用的。未来,还需要进一步的研究来证实。

参考文献:1.Taisiia Pavlovna T, Kseniia Petrovna S, Anna Anatolievna V, Ivan Sergeyevich U, Olga Vladimirovna R, Roman Viktorovich G, Alina Yurievna B, Mikhail Mikhailovich G. Dynamics of total volume of pancreatic α- and β -cells under the influence sulfonylureas and their combination with dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors. Endocrinol Diabetes Metab. 2021 Mar 18;4(3):e00238. doi: 10.1002/edm2.238.

2.Cooperberg BA, Cryer PE. β‐cell–mediated signaling predominates over direct α‐cell signaling in the regulation of glucagon secretion in humansDiabetes Care. 2009;32:2275‐2280. 

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    2023-04-29 baoya
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    2022-09-04 jklm09
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