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Nat Cell Biol:浙大徐平龙课题组揭示细胞“百毒不侵”的秘密

2017-03-30 佚名 科学网

最近,浙大生命科学研究院徐平龙课题组在细胞层面看到了一个有趣的现象:细胞“营养太好”,可能会降低机体的抗病毒免疫机能,病毒也会趁虚而入。相关成果论文于3月27日在Nature Cell Biology在线发表。



有个成语叫“百毒不侵”。事实上,自然界有2000多种动物病毒,其中仅有50种左右的病毒可使人类致病,因为这些病毒能以各种方式,完全或者部分的拮抗我们的细胞质核酸识别机制及其启动的抗病毒宿主防御。

最近,浙大生命科学研究院徐平龙课题组在细胞层面看到了一个有趣的现象:细胞“营养太好”,可能会降低机体的抗病毒免疫机能,病毒也会趁虚而入。相关成果论文于3月27日在Nature Cell Biology在线发表。

据悉,细胞质核酸识别通路不仅对于抵抗病毒感染很重要,而且在自身免疫疾病,神经退行性疾病和肿瘤发生中都扮演重要功能。徐平龙介绍说,课题组还与浙大转化医学院的邹建课题组合作,共同开发出一套高效和快速的评价基因抗病毒功能的斑马鱼模型,这一新的工具将为科学家研究病毒防御机制提供重要的支持。

记者了解到,生命体内,细胞内部和细胞之间时时刻刻都在发生信号传导,以完成我们每一项生命活动。

科学家们在2003年开始发现的一系列信号通路,它与机体的抗病毒感染高度相关。当病毒入侵细胞,我们机体细胞质内的某些蛋白质能主动侦查到病毒核酸,随即启动细胞内的一系列抗病毒机制,并把信号传导到周边细胞,提醒大家一同“应战”。这一细胞机制构成了生命体抵御病毒的重要屏障,维护着我们的健康。

徐平龙介绍说,细胞质核酸识别通路是一条古老且高度保守的通路。无论处于进化链终端的人类,还是远古的较为低等的脊椎动物生命体中,这套信号通路一直存在并发挥着作用,人类有,鸟类有,池塘里的鱼儿也有。

“这条通路如果不灵了,病毒就会乘虚而入。究竟哪些因素会影响呢?”在徐平龙看来,这个问题很基础也很重要,而目前国际上还很少有深入研究。“我们通过研究发现,细胞的营养状态以及细胞间的物理接触状态是其中关键的因素。”研究发现,这两个因素都通过调控激酶TBK1的活性起作用。当细胞处于营养或能量不足的情况下,TBK1激酶会处于更敏感的状态,病毒防御的机制更加灵敏而活跃。课题组还通过人为增减细胞数量来调节细胞的拥挤状态,有趣的是,当细胞之间从拥挤变为松散,其抗病毒能力也会下降。也就是说,细胞营养胁迫或者相互间比较拥挤 ,反而有利于提高细胞的病毒防御能力。

这一发现令科学家灵光一现,联想到另一条信号通路:Hippo,调控细胞增殖和迁移的关键细胞机制,是近年来颇受科学家关注的信号通路。 “两条通路控制着相反的生物进程,”徐平龙说,“Hippo决定增殖,而细胞质核酸识别通路则处理‘危险’。两者之间是否有联系呢?”进一步研究后,课题组发现了两条通路之间相互调节的分子机制,进一步深化了人们对病毒防御机制的理解。

据悉,徐平龙课题组的研究工作揭示了Hippo通路的一个不同寻常的功能——可通过一个意想不到的机制将信号整合到TBK1激活上。Hippo组分的水平和活性可以作为调控宿主抗病毒反应强度的一个决定因素。鉴于此,这些组分可以作为抗病毒药物的靶点。

原始出处:
Qian Zhang, Fansen Meng, Shasha Chen, et al. Hippo signalling governs cytosolic nucleic acid sensing through YAP/TAZ-mediated TBK1 blockade.Nature Cell Biology (2017) doi:10.1038/ncb3496.

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    2017-04-29 liye789132251
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    2018-01-07 维他命
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    2017-08-02 sunylz
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