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Lancet Oncol:哨兵淋巴结活检在新辅助化疗中的作用仍属未知

2013-07-09 echo1166 dxy

在没有淋巴结受累的临床症状(cN0)的乳腺癌患者中,采用哨兵淋巴结活检作为腋窝处病变的分期方法是标准的评估方式,有很多研究都针对上述评估方法进行了各种探讨。因为在活检阴性的患者中,腋窝局部病变复发的概率很低(<1%),所以哨兵淋巴结活检阴性的女性乳腺癌患者并不需要进行腋窝淋巴结清扫术。此外,腋窝淋巴结清扫术对腋窝淋巴结阴性的乳腺癌患者的生存率和发病率不会带来显著获益。但是在接受新辅助化疗的患

在没有淋巴结受累的临床症状(cN0)的乳腺癌患者中,采用哨兵淋巴结活检作为腋窝处病变的分期方法是标准的评估方式,有很多研究都针对上述评估方法进行了各种探讨。因为在活检阴性的患者中,腋窝局部病变复发的概率很低(<1%),所以哨兵淋巴结活检阴性的女性乳腺癌患者并不需要进行腋窝淋巴结清扫术。此外,腋窝淋巴结清扫术对腋窝淋巴结阴性的乳腺癌患者的生存率和发病率不会带来显著获益。

但是在接受新辅助化疗的患者中,哨兵淋巴结活检所起的作用目前还存在争议。大约有40%淋巴结阳性(cN+)的患者在经过目前的新辅助化疗后能达到病理完全应答,这或能避免进行腋窝淋巴结清扫术。然而,绝大多数针对在新辅助化疗后进行哨兵淋巴结活检的研究(之后再通过腋窝淋巴结清扫来证实)其局限在于研究规模小、研究设计为回顾性研究、以及结果变异较大。此外,3个荟萃分析的结果指出哨兵淋巴结识别率为90-91%,假阴性率为8-10%,略低于总体哨兵淋巴结活检率。

在《柳叶刀肿瘤学》杂志上,Thorsten Kuehn和其同事报道了SENTINA研究的结果,该研究是一个前瞻性、多中心队列研究,研究纳入了1737名患者,她们都至少接受过6个疗程的基于蒽环类药物的新辅助化疗。所有分期为cN0的患者在前期都接受了哨兵淋巴结活检,如果其淋巴结活检结果为阴性,那么就不需要接受腋窝淋巴结清扫术(组A,受试者662人);如果其哨兵淋巴结活检结果为阳性,那么需要接受第二次哨兵淋巴结活检,以及在新辅助化疗后接受腋窝淋巴结清扫术(组B,受试者360人)。所有cN+的患者都先接受新辅助化疗,那些转为cN0患者接受哨兵淋巴结活检术和腋窝淋巴结清扫术(组C,受试者592人),那些仍然为cN+的患者直接行腋窝淋巴结清扫术(组D,受试者123人)。

在组A和组B中(在新辅助化疗前就进行哨兵淋巴结活检)的检出率为99.1%。这一结果验证了研究的哨兵淋巴结活检方案(必须进行的同位素检查和可选择的蓝色染色),以及证实了在研究分中心内和分中心间存在较高的质量控制(n=103,平均每个研究中心8人)。

但是在新辅助化疗后再进行哨兵淋巴结活检的结果就没有那么成功了。与组B相比,组C的检出率更高,前者为60.8%(第二次活检),后者为80.1%,假阴性率也更低(14.2%vs51.6%)。这一结果与既往6个研究中所谓的再次手术前的哨兵淋巴结活检结果一致,在这些研究中,在手术前接受哨兵淋巴结活检的患者的阳性率为74%,而在进行腋窝淋巴结清扫术的患者中为38%。与在接受新辅助化之后进行活检的患者相比,研究者发现在进行新辅助化疗之前的哨兵淋巴结活检阳性率更高,他们同时也发现当在进行过两次哨兵淋巴结活检后,阳性率更低,这可能是因为在之前的哨兵淋巴结后淋巴回流被阻断。这些结果提示只要在新辅助化疗之后进行一次哨兵淋巴结活检即可。

在新辅助化疗后进行哨兵淋巴结活检则需要更好的技术。与单用同位素技术相比,采用同位素技术结合染色技术时检出率更高假阴性率更低,在切除了3个或更多哨兵淋巴结之后,假阴性率更低,为10%,而在切除了2个或者1个哨兵淋巴结时的假阴性率分别为18.5%和24.3%。这些发现也与其他已经发表的研究(针对哨兵淋巴结所进行的研究)相符,也与ACOSOG Z1071的研究结果相似,后者是一个前瞻性的研究,主要比较了在经活检证实的哨兵淋巴结转移的乳腺癌患者中,在接受新辅助化疗之后进行哨兵淋巴结活检和腋窝淋巴结清扫对其预后的影响。

从这些结果中我们能得到怎样的结论?针对新辅助化疗后的哨兵淋巴结活检结果进行了很多研究,但是SENTINA研究是第一个根据临床淋巴结状态来决定哨兵淋巴结活检时机的研究(在新辅助化疗之前亦或是之后)。可以通过长期的随访来验证患者的临床表现究竟如何,在这个过程中需要关注患者的局部、区域和远处复发的模式。

Kuehn和他的同事建议研究者们重新讨论与假阴性相关的一些因素,如哨兵淋巴结阴性的患者中腋窝淋巴结阳性者所占的比例。在已经接受新辅助化疗的患者中,腋窝处病变的局部复发才是最有意义的临床预后评估内容,而不是假阴性率。

越来越多的证据提示哨兵淋巴结阳性的患者中有部分患者可以不接受腋窝淋巴结清扫术。在ACOSOG Z0011研究中,研究者将哨兵淋巴结阳性及临床分期在T1-2N0的乳腺癌女性患者随机分为2组,一组接受腋窝淋巴结清扫术,另一组则不接受手术治疗。在6年的随访过程中,研究者没有观察到上述两组中的患者在局部、区域及远处事件等方面存在显著差异。在美国很多临床医生(在欧洲和世界其他地方的范围不如美国如此之广)认为这些数据是有说服力并且可以改变目前的临床实践,他们认为这一新观点可以整合到他们的治疗指南中——即哨兵淋巴结阳性的乳腺癌患者中如果有符合Z0011研究的标准那么则可以避免腋窝淋巴结清扫术。但是Z0011研究中所做出的假设是否可以用于接收新辅助化疗的乳腺癌患者目前还仍属未知。


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    2014-03-06 minlingfeng
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1864460, encodeId=d6eb18644608d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=16ce133504e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Oncol#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=47, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=13350, encryptionId=16ce133504e, topicName=Oncol)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=b63894, createdName=minlingfeng, createdTime=Thu Mar 06 14:48:00 CST 2014, time=2014-03-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1678472, encodeId=495016e847202, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=110c5869153' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#新辅助#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=45, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=58691, encryptionId=110c5869153, topicName=新辅助)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=941f27706894, createdName=charl1234576, createdTime=Mon Oct 21 05:48:00 CST 2013, time=2013-10-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1827584, encodeId=a937182e584b9, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1b6210686b2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Lancet#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=41, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=10686, encryptionId=1b6210686b2, topicName=Lancet)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3f0227, createdName=howi, createdTime=Thu May 15 03:48:00 CST 2014, time=2014-05-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1277941, encodeId=776912e794122, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d34e6523544' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#活检#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=65235, encryptionId=d34e6523544, topicName=活检)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c39f145, createdName=smlt2008, createdTime=Thu Jul 11 01:48:00 CST 2013, time=2013-07-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1292932, encodeId=cc8812929328d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=df626600877' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#淋巴结#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=40, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=66008, encryptionId=df626600877, topicName=淋巴结)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=6cc1239, createdName=sodoo, createdTime=Thu Jul 11 01:48:00 CST 2013, time=2013-07-11, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
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    2014-05-15 howi
  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1864460, encodeId=d6eb18644608d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=16ce133504e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Oncol#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=47, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=13350, encryptionId=16ce133504e, topicName=Oncol)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=b63894, createdName=minlingfeng, createdTime=Thu Mar 06 14:48:00 CST 2014, time=2014-03-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1678472, encodeId=495016e847202, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=110c5869153' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#新辅助#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=45, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=58691, encryptionId=110c5869153, topicName=新辅助)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=941f27706894, createdName=charl1234576, createdTime=Mon Oct 21 05:48:00 CST 2013, time=2013-10-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1827584, encodeId=a937182e584b9, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1b6210686b2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Lancet#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=41, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=10686, encryptionId=1b6210686b2, topicName=Lancet)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3f0227, createdName=howi, createdTime=Thu May 15 03:48:00 CST 2014, time=2014-05-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1277941, encodeId=776912e794122, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d34e6523544' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#活检#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=65235, encryptionId=d34e6523544, topicName=活检)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c39f145, createdName=smlt2008, createdTime=Thu Jul 11 01:48:00 CST 2013, time=2013-07-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1292932, encodeId=cc8812929328d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=df626600877' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#淋巴结#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=40, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=66008, encryptionId=df626600877, topicName=淋巴结)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=6cc1239, createdName=sodoo, createdTime=Thu Jul 11 01:48:00 CST 2013, time=2013-07-11, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2013-07-11 smlt2008
  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1864460, encodeId=d6eb18644608d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=16ce133504e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Oncol#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=47, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=13350, encryptionId=16ce133504e, topicName=Oncol)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=b63894, createdName=minlingfeng, createdTime=Thu Mar 06 14:48:00 CST 2014, time=2014-03-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1678472, encodeId=495016e847202, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=110c5869153' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#新辅助#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=45, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=58691, encryptionId=110c5869153, topicName=新辅助)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=941f27706894, createdName=charl1234576, createdTime=Mon Oct 21 05:48:00 CST 2013, time=2013-10-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1827584, encodeId=a937182e584b9, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1b6210686b2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Lancet#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=41, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=10686, encryptionId=1b6210686b2, topicName=Lancet)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3f0227, createdName=howi, createdTime=Thu May 15 03:48:00 CST 2014, time=2014-05-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1277941, encodeId=776912e794122, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d34e6523544' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#活检#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=65235, encryptionId=d34e6523544, topicName=活检)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c39f145, createdName=smlt2008, createdTime=Thu Jul 11 01:48:00 CST 2013, time=2013-07-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1292932, encodeId=cc8812929328d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=df626600877' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#淋巴结#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=40, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=66008, encryptionId=df626600877, topicName=淋巴结)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=6cc1239, createdName=sodoo, createdTime=Thu Jul 11 01:48:00 CST 2013, time=2013-07-11, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2013-07-11 sodoo
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