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钛白粉:真的是安全的食品添加剂?

2014-09-01 陈群 尹慧勇 食品安全与健康

钛白粉是一种颗粒直径小于0.3微米的二氧化钛(TiO2)粉末,因为其高亮性、广谱抗菌作用和高扩散性而被用作食品添加剂,在食品着色剂中起着重要的增色作用,还起到抑菌作用。生活中常见的使用TiO2添加剂的食品有果酱、油炸坚果、巧克力制品、固体饮料、果冻、面粉增白剂等等,使用范围比较广1。参照美国食品和药品管理局(FDA)标准,我国在《食品安全国家标准食品添加剂使用标准》(GB 2760-2011)中规

钛白粉是一种颗粒直径小于0.3微米的二氧化钛(TiO2)粉末,因为其高亮性、广谱抗菌作用和高扩散性而被用作食品添加剂,在食品着色剂中起着重要的增色作用,还起到抑菌作用。生活中常见的使用TiO2添加剂的食品有果酱、油炸坚果、巧克力制品、固体饮料、果冻、面粉增白剂等等,使用范围比较广1。参照美国食品和药品管理局(FDA)标准,我国在《食品安全国家标准食品添加剂使用标准》(GB 2760-2011)中规定了其在不同食品中的使用量上限。

以前,人们认为钛白粉是一种无毒无害的添加剂成分,由于其亮度高,对紫外线有强吸收性,被广泛应用于化妆品中,还有在水净化方面应用挺广。但是近年来,科学家通过体外或者动物实验发现TiO2颗粒特别是纳米级别的,在细胞水平上会造成细胞的凋亡和坏死,有的还会导致
DNA损伤、活性氧产生、炎症反应、线粒体损伤等等。在动物水平,通过不同途径给予TiO2,会造成受试动物靶器官损害,如肝损伤、肾损伤、肺损伤、神经损伤、脑损伤、免疫系统毒性作用等。2006年国际癌症研究组织发布色素级别的TiO2可能有致癌作用2。

近年来,钛白粉产量逐年增大,使用量也在不断增加,越来越多的研究发现它有一定的健康危害。如果广泛使用,排放到大自然中,通过各种食物链循环,会对人体造成不良影响的。尽管TiO2粉有良好的特性,使用比较方便,但是如何安全使用,以及它会对人体、对自然造成的影响应该综合考虑。

参考资料:
1.  Dangani, R., Nanomaterials: safe or unsafe? Chem Eng News 2003, 81 (17), 30-33.
2.  Chang, X.; Zhang, Y.; Tang, M.; Wang, B.,Health effects of exposure to nano-TiO2: a meta-analysis of experimental studies. Nanoscale Res Lett 2013, 8 (1), 51

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