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Neuron封面文章:大脑也有“速度里程表”

2015-06-18 佚名 生物谷

来自波恩大学(University of Bonn)的研究者在杂志Neuron上刊登了他们的最新研究成果,研究者表示他们对大脑的空间记忆提出了一种新的见解,这或许可以帮助改善我们对与帕金森疾病相关的机体运动相关症状的理解。在熟悉的环境中我们的动作往往是有目的的,比如,如果我们离开办公桌去喝一杯咖啡,自然情况下我们会根据储存的记忆来完成,为了保持我们的运动轨迹,我们的大脑会快速地对感官印象的改变进行



来自波恩大学(University of Bonn)的研究者在杂志Neuron上刊登了他们的最新研究成果,研究者表示他们对大脑的空间记忆提出了一种新的见解,这或许可以帮助改善我们对与帕金森疾病相关的机体运动相关症状的理解。

在熟悉的环境中我们的动作往往是有目的的,比如,如果我们离开办公桌去喝一杯咖啡,自然情况下我们会根据储存的记忆来完成,为了保持我们的运动轨迹,我们的大脑会快速地对感官印象的改变进行处理,这是大脑进行处理的基本事情,当我们置身于空间中的任何时刻大脑都会进行事件的处理,比如当我们骑自行车或坐在车上时,随着速度的增加,大脑数据处理率也会增加;我们移动地越快,大脑接受环境线索的时间就会越短,同时就会将这些环境线索同大脑中空间记忆地图上的位置相连接。

海马体是大脑中控制记忆的结构,尤其是控制空间记忆,海马体可以调节机体移动的速度,大脑海马体的电活性一般会经历有节律的波动;我们运动地越快,特定神经细胞被激活的速度越快,这种激活比率的增加会使得大脑较为敏感。但大脑如何知道一种运动有多快呢?此前并没有答案可以解释,而本文中研究者就解析了这一机制。

研究者刺激了小鼠大脑中的特殊区域,并且记录了其大脑的活性及小鼠的移动,随后研究者发现在小鼠大脑中存在一种神经回路可以将空间记忆同运动的速度相联系,而这种相互联系对于揭示空间记忆的功能非常重要,因此研究者就推测人类或许也拥有这样的神经细胞。这些特殊的神经细胞位于大脑中和海马体相联系的内侧隔核区域,其可以收集来自感觉和运动系统的信息,从而确定运动的速度并且将信息传递至海马体,以这种方式这些神经细胞就会调节空间记忆系统,在运动过程中来进行感觉刺激的最优化处理。

最后研究者Remy说道,这些新发现的和大脑特殊区域相联系的神经细胞或许会受到帕金森疾病的影响,帕金森疾病疾病是一种运动相关的疾病,其会引发患者患痴呆;从这一角度来讲,本文研究对于理解空间记忆的形成提供了一定的线索,同时也为研究者后期阐明个体记忆系统以及运动如何被帕金森疾病影响提供了一定的线索和思路。

原始出处:

Falko Fuhrmann, Daniel Justus, Liudmila Sosulina, Hiroshi Kaneko,et al.Locomotion, Theta Oscillations, and the Speed-Correlated Firing of Hippocampal Neurons Are Controlled by a Medial Septal Glutamatergic Circuit.Neuron.Volume 86, Issue 5, p1253–1264,June 3,2015.

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    2015-11-04 by2021
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1751806, encodeId=b9af1e5180667, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9b6a12e0155' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Neuron#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12701, encryptionId=9b6a12e0155, topicName=Neuron)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c9c736410065, createdName=by2021, createdTime=Wed Nov 04 04:15:00 CST 2015, time=2015-11-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=29202, encodeId=c0f129202d0, content=看看, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=128, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=ee0d1618732, createdName=huaxipanxing, createdTime=Thu Jun 25 23:01:00 CST 2015, time=2015-06-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=28359, encodeId=c0ff2835958, content=有意思, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=137, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=12a31627589, createdName=18619c0a62m, createdTime=Sun Jun 21 10:53:00 CST 2015, time=2015-06-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=28360, encodeId=e1372836021, content=(⊙o⊙), beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=174, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=12a31627589, createdName=18619c0a62m, createdTime=Sun Jun 21 10:53:00 CST 2015, time=2015-06-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=28361, encodeId=ce9728361fc, content=!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=106, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=12a31627589, createdName=18619c0a62m, createdTime=Sun Jun 21 10:53:00 CST 2015, time=2015-06-21, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-06-25 huaxipanxing

    看看

    0

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    2015-06-21 18619c0a62m

    有意思

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1751806, encodeId=b9af1e5180667, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9b6a12e0155' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Neuron#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12701, encryptionId=9b6a12e0155, topicName=Neuron)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c9c736410065, createdName=by2021, createdTime=Wed Nov 04 04:15:00 CST 2015, time=2015-11-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=29202, encodeId=c0f129202d0, content=看看, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=128, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=ee0d1618732, createdName=huaxipanxing, createdTime=Thu Jun 25 23:01:00 CST 2015, time=2015-06-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=28359, encodeId=c0ff2835958, content=有意思, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=137, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=12a31627589, createdName=18619c0a62m, createdTime=Sun Jun 21 10:53:00 CST 2015, time=2015-06-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=28360, encodeId=e1372836021, content=(⊙o⊙), beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=174, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=12a31627589, createdName=18619c0a62m, createdTime=Sun Jun 21 10:53:00 CST 2015, time=2015-06-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=28361, encodeId=ce9728361fc, content=!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=106, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=12a31627589, createdName=18619c0a62m, createdTime=Sun Jun 21 10:53:00 CST 2015, time=2015-06-21, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-06-21 18619c0a62m

    (⊙o⊙)

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1751806, encodeId=b9af1e5180667, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9b6a12e0155' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Neuron#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12701, encryptionId=9b6a12e0155, topicName=Neuron)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c9c736410065, createdName=by2021, createdTime=Wed Nov 04 04:15:00 CST 2015, time=2015-11-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=29202, encodeId=c0f129202d0, content=看看, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=128, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=ee0d1618732, createdName=huaxipanxing, createdTime=Thu Jun 25 23:01:00 CST 2015, time=2015-06-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=28359, encodeId=c0ff2835958, content=有意思, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=137, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=12a31627589, createdName=18619c0a62m, createdTime=Sun Jun 21 10:53:00 CST 2015, time=2015-06-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=28360, encodeId=e1372836021, content=(⊙o⊙), beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=174, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=12a31627589, createdName=18619c0a62m, createdTime=Sun Jun 21 10:53:00 CST 2015, time=2015-06-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=28361, encodeId=ce9728361fc, content=!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=106, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=12a31627589, createdName=18619c0a62m, createdTime=Sun Jun 21 10:53:00 CST 2015, time=2015-06-21, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-06-21 18619c0a62m

    0

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