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Science:美国研究人员揭示人脑神经纤维排列方式

2012-04-10 赵熙熙 中国科学报

“编织”的大脑。图片来源:M. D. Van Wedeen 对于肉眼来说,人类大脑最显著的特点便是其波浪般的肿块和沟槽模式。 然而发表在3月30日出版的美国《Science》杂志上的一项最新研究指出,这些曲线当中实际上是由大约成直角的彼此交叉的神经纤维构成的网格(如图所示)。 研究人员利用一种新近开发出的方法——名为扩散光谱成像技术——推断了人类活体大脑中的神经纤维的位置。 这些扫描揭示了

“编织”的大脑。图片来源:M. D. Van Wedeen

对于肉眼来说,人类大脑最显著的特点便是其波浪般的肿块和沟槽模式。

然而发表在3月30日出版的美国《Science》杂志上的一项最新研究指出,这些曲线当中实际上是由大约成直角的彼此交叉的神经纤维构成的网格(如图所示)。

研究人员利用一种新近开发出的方法——名为扩散光谱成像技术——推断了人类活体大脑中的神经纤维的位置。

这些扫描揭示了一种有序的神经纤维编织方式——这是一种比许多科学家之前所预想的要简单得多的结构。

研究人员对4种灵长类动物进行的扫描得出了一个类似的模型。

美国波士顿大学的脑神经学家DouglasL.Rosene和同事推断,这种像网格一样的结构或许在大脑的发育过程中是有利的,它的作用相当于高速公路的车道标记,从而帮助生长中的神经纤维找到通往目的地的道路。

这些发现为人们提供了一种分析大脑的新的框架,例如,科学家或许能够用这一坐标系统来精准地查明患病和健康大脑之间的差异。

大脑是由两种组织构成的,即由具有特定功能的神经细胞组成的灰质,以及由长长的相互连接的纤维组成的白质构成。这些纤维的形状和轨迹——即它们在其行程中在何处及如何交叉和相遇——长期以来一直被认为是复杂且难以掌握的。而新的发现表明,这些纤维的形状是有组织的并具有几何形状,且惊人的简单。(生物谷 bioon.com)

doi:10.1126/science.1215280
PMC:
PMID:

The Geometric Structure of the Brain Fiber Pathways

Wedeen, Van J.; Rosene, Douglas L.; Wang, Ruopeng; Dai, Guangping; Mortazavi, Farzad; Hagmann, Patric; Kaas, Jon H.; Tseng, Wen-Yih I

The structure of the brain as a product of morphogenesis is difficult to reconcile with the observed complexity of cerebral connectivity. We therefore analyzed relationships of adjacency and crossing between cerebral fiber pathways in four nonhuman primate species and in humans by using diffusion magnetic resonance imaging. The cerebral fiber pathways formed a rectilinear three-dimensional grid continuous with the three principal axes of development. Cortico-cortical pathways formed parallel sheets of interwoven paths in the longitudinal and medio-lateral axes, in which major pathways were local condensations. Cross-species homology was strong and showed emergence of complex gyral connectivity by continuous elaboration of this grid structure. This architecture naturally supports functional spatio-temporal coherence, developmental path-finding, and incremental rewiring with correlated adaptation of structure and function in cerebral plasticity and evolution.

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    2012-09-22 siiner
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    2012-04-12 jichang
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