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Current Biology:表示法国婴儿更喜欢“从左到右”

2017-12-12 小通 生物通

巴黎第五大学(Paris Descartes University)的心理学家Maria Dolores de Hevia招募80名新生儿志愿者调研人类具备感知数字大小和空间位置的最小年龄,这大概是受试者平均年龄最小的一次心理学调查。


巴黎第五大学(Paris Descartes University)的心理学家Maria Dolores de Hevia招募80名新生儿志愿者调研人类具备感知数字大小和空间位置的最小年龄,这大概是受试者平均年龄最小的一次心理学调查。

钢琴键盘为什么低音在左边,高音在右边?时间轴为什么从左指向右?给你一套从1到10的数字卡片,让你从小到大依次排开。不假思索的话,你习惯从左往右,还是从右往左?

大多数人可能习惯把小号放左边,小部分人可能正好相反。科学家们对这样的现象吵了很多年,人类把“少”与“左”,“多”与“右”联系起来的这种习性,从何而来——刚出生就有了吗,还是通过社会经验习得的?

《Current Biology》新发表的一篇文章,给这一争论敲了一记定音锤。

巴黎第五大学(Paris Descartes University)的心理学家Maria Dolores de Hevia招募了80名新生儿志愿者(平均年龄:45小时,不足3天)。

搞清楚新生儿脑子里正在发生的事情并不容易,为此,研究人员设计了一系列试听测试:研究人员给新生儿播放由“叭”或“嗒”组成重复音节,音节长度对应视频展示的长方形长度,例如当婴儿听到6个“叭叭叭叭叭叭”时,他同时能看到一个稍短的长方形;当他听到18个“叭叭叭……”时,他能看到一个更长的长方形。

第一组实验,让婴儿们先听6个音节,看短长方形,相隔1分钟后,再让他们听18个音节,看长长方形。然后让他们看2个长长方形分别位于屏幕的左边和右边。第二组实验,让婴儿先听18个音节,再听6个音节,再看2个长长方形的图像。

在他们观察画面时,研究人员记录婴儿们的观察行为。实验结果显示,如果先听6个音节,后听18个音节,大多数婴儿喜欢盯着右边的长长方形看,证明他们将“多”与“右”联系在了一起;相反,先听18个音节,后听6个音节,他们就喜欢盯着左边的看,证明他们将“少”与“左”联系在了一起。

平均结果显示,第一组实验向右看的婴儿数量是向左看的2倍,反之,第二组实验向左看的婴儿数量是向右看的2倍。



De Hevia博士在不同时间和地点招募了很多婴儿志愿者,重复多次实验,包括拉长6个音节的播放时间,使其与18个音节的播放时间相同,实验对象和实验条件变化都没能影响上述结果。这证明,婴儿天生具备关注音节数量,联想多少的能力,大多数新生儿喜欢将“少”与“左”,“多”与“右”联系起来。

小志愿者们的家长表示十分震惊,他们简直不敢相信,新生儿竟如此善于感知和细心观察。De Hevia说。“人类对数字和空间的感知可能在极早期就已经发展完备,这些概念是人类天生善于学习数学概念的基础。”她怀疑,偏向从左往右数的习惯可能是大多数新生婴儿普遍存在的特征,这些特征最终被本文化强化或逆转。

但是肯特州立大学的认知发展心理学家Clarissa Thompson看完文章后却不以为然,她表示,婴儿天生习惯把小数字放在左边的结论并不可信,很有可能他们在刚刚出世的几个小时内就掌握了所处社会的“通行规律”。她以为,在全球婴儿都展示出这种倾向以后再下结论方可令人信服。

虽然“从左到右”和“从右到左”阅读习惯之争恐怕还要继续下去,但是这篇文章还是可以告诉我们,人类的空间和数字想象力也许像我们的遗传密码一样,与生俱来。

从右向左书写并不符合大多数人与生俱来的天性吗?

原始出处:

Maria Dolores de Hevia, Ludovica Veggiotti, Arlette Streri, Cory D. Bonn.At Birth, Humans Associate “Few” with Left and “Many” with Right.Current Biology.Published online: December 7, 2017

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    2018-01-23 sunylz
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    2017-12-14 changjiu

    学习一下谢谢

    0

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    2017-12-14 neurowu
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    2017-12-12 changjiu

    学习一下谢谢

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