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细胞疗法有望让糖尿病患者告别胰岛素注射

2016-12-12 佚名 药明康德

近日,加州大学Irvine分校的研究人员开发了一种全新的细胞疗法。它有望能一劳永逸地治疗I型糖尿病患者,让他们免除每日注射胰岛素的烦恼。I型糖尿病又称胰岛素依赖型糖尿病,患者无法产生足够的胰岛素来调节体内血糖水平。I型糖尿病大约占糖尿病总数的10%左右,在中国每年每10万人中大约有1例新病例。尽管发病人数较少,但一旦发病后,患者便需要每天注射胰岛素以控制病情和维持生命。由于I型糖尿病往往在青少年时

近日,加州大学Irvine分校的研究人员开发了一种全新的细胞疗法。它有望能一劳永逸地治疗I型糖尿病患者,让他们免除每日注射胰岛素的烦恼。


I型糖尿病又称胰岛素依赖型糖尿病,患者无法产生足够的胰岛素来调节体内血糖水平。I型糖尿病大约占糖尿病总数的10%左右,在中国每年每10万人中大约有1例新病例。尽管发病人数较少,但一旦发病后,患者便需要每天注射胰岛素以控制病情和维持生命。由于I型糖尿病往往在青少年时期发病,终身注射胰岛素对于患者来说是不小的负担。



▲Lakey教授是使用细胞疗法治疗I型糖尿病的先驱者之一(图片来源:加州大学Irvine分校网站)


加州大学Irvine分校的Jonathan Lakey教授一直以来是使用细胞疗法治疗I型糖尿病的先驱者之一。早在2000年,Lakey教授与团队就提出并实践了治疗I型糖尿病的埃德蒙顿方案。该方案是从器官捐献者的胰腺中分离出健康的胰岛细胞,然后移植入I型糖尿病患者的体内。


这个方案可以在短期内使患者摆脱对胰岛素的依赖,但是,大多数患者体内移植的细胞只能维持几年,之后就要恢复胰岛素注射。此外,患者还需要服用免疫抑制剂以避免移植带来的排斥反应,这些药物会带来一定的副作用。埃德蒙顿方案对于治疗I型糖尿病来说是开创性的,它证明了细胞疗法的可行性。但是,由于其自身的一些缺陷,以及捐赠的胰腺数量有限,它并没有获得广泛的应用。



▲细胞疗法能让人体重新正常合成胰岛素(图片来源:NIH)


近年来,Lakey教授一直试图对细胞疗法进行改进。通过与同样来自加利福尼亚大学iIrvine分校的Elliot Botvinick教授合作,他们从藻类中纯化了一种生物膜,用来包裹移植的胰岛细胞。这种生物膜既能让胰岛细胞需要的氧气及其制造的胰岛素通过,又可以有效地避免排斥反应的发生。他们还与阿根廷政府的科学家们合作,计划将生物膜包裹的猪胰岛细胞移植进患者体内。


在2015年,他们成立了一家公司Sanatio Therapeutics,计划将生物膜包裹的胰岛细胞移植率先使用到患糖尿病的宠物猫狗身上。今年,Lakey教授、Botvinick教授和来自荷兰格罗宁根大学的Paul de Vos教授开展了进一步合作,计划使用干细胞在体外转化成胰岛细胞,然后将这些胰岛细胞包裹后植入患者皮下血管丰富的部位,以达到制造胰岛素却又不会被免疫系统攻击的目的。


Lakey教授说:“胰岛细胞移植领域最大的挑战或许就是在帮助I型糖尿病患者摆脱胰岛素依赖的同时,不需要长期使用免疫抑制剂。我相信我们的方案非常有希望解决这个问题。”


我们希望Lakey教授团队的研究能够早日投入实际应用,为I型糖尿病患者找到一劳永逸的治疗方法。

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    2016-12-16 baoya
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    2016-12-25 李东泽

    很好,不错,以后会多学习

    0

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    2016-12-20 李东泽

    如有疑问,请留言,有时间立刻回复您,望谅解

    0

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    2016-12-12 136****0753赵

    值得学习。

    0

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