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“三明医改”模式是否可以复制?

2015-12-16 MedSci 赛柏蓝

借鉴推广三明经验,加快推进公立医院综合改革,截至年底,预计将会有1700多卫生系统人去三明市学习公立医院改革。且12月12日,央视新闻联播《以新理念、新发展:医改深水区的“三明路径”》为题作了重点报道,半个小时的新闻联播,三明医改时长5分10秒,用了六分之一的时间。三明模式为何备受推崇?下面是笔者根据一些相关报道和分析整理出来的三明模式一些关键词和关键数字,供各位参考。一、大背景:医保收不抵支三明

借鉴推广三明经验,加快推进公立医院综合改革,截至年底,预计将会有1700多卫生系统人去三明市学习公立医院改革。且12月12日,央视新闻联播《以新理念、新发展:医改深水区的“三明路径”》为题作了重点报道,半个小时的新闻联播,三明医改时长5分10秒,用了六分之一的时间。三明模式为何备受推崇?下面是笔者根据一些相关报道和分析整理出来的三明模式一些关键词和关键数字,供各位参考。

一、大背景:医保收不抵支

三明改革前,医保基金已经收不抵支,2010年亏损1.43亿元、2011年亏损2.02亿元。

全国医保形式严峻,总理喊话“医保要保住”,按照中国社科院经济研究所公共政策研究中心的测算,在现行制度下,在2020年之前,中国大部分城市医保基金都会陆续“穿底”,出现收不抵支。其中,成都等二线城市的“穿底”时间最晚将出现在2017年-2019年。

二、改革重点措施

所有二级以上公立医院实行药品零差率销售,严格监控大处方、大检查,对药品招标采购严格执行“两票制”,即药品从生产企业到医院过程中只允许开两次增值税发票,减少流通环节中的加价行为。(两票制会大规模推行吗?)

像医院常用药奥美拉唑钠,就由改革前的256元下降到6.9元,下降幅度高达37倍。三明市出台医改方案仅仅实施一个月,药品总费用出现的变化让人意想不到。

医改三年以来,三明市经过测算累计节约药费17.95亿元。“全国共有330多个地级行政区划单位,能够节约下来的钱可想而知。”

三、医生加薪、三保合一

22家公立医院实行全员目标年薪制,年薪与岗位工作量、医德医风、社会评议挂钩。城镇职工医保、城镇居民医保和新农合等26家经办机构整合,实现“三保合一”。

四、改革成果

医院常用药奥美拉唑钠,就由改革前的256元下降到6.9元,下降幅度高达37倍。药品费用大幅度下降、医务人员收入显着上升,医保基金从亏损转为盈余,初步实现了患者、医院、医生和政府多方共赢。

五、一些关键数字

据中国社会科学院经济研究所公共政策研究中心显示,三明医改前的2011年,22家医院药品收入占比为47.29%。经过两年改革,2013年,三明22家医院医药收入才20.09亿,占比28.21%。而医务性收入却增加到14.42亿,占比为71.79%。

六、谁最受影响:

1.外资药

去年,三明市医疗保障基金管理中心的《关于公布第一批进口药品限价结算的通知》,宣布同药同价,不分进口和国产,否则高出的部分医保不予报销。

通知附件中所列出的第一批限价药品名单中,包括了拜唐平、立妥普、活络喜等14个知名品种,涉及的药品包括外资药企包括包括拜耳、卫康、勃林格殷格翰、阿斯利康、百特、赛诺菲、卫材、伊赛特等。

此后,三明还公布了医保支付价,其精神和上文通知如出一辙,医保支付价=中标最低价!如果此政策执行,高价的外资药几乎基本面临全线溃败。迟迟未定的医保支付价,这会成为政策风向标吗?

2.中药

药占比的大规模下降,除了医生的收入大规模提高外,大规模减少用药目录也是一个良方。各家医院上报的需用药品品种的通用名确定药品采购目录,共1565个品种,其中非基药996个品种,基药520个品种569个品规。在砍用药目录后,不少中药被挤出了用药目录。

3.行业哀鸿遍野

医院医药收入的占比下去了,药企的销售额也下降了,据业内人士表示,三明医改之后,当地的药品零售下降近一半之多。假设全国都推行三明医改,那么可以想象的是,哀鸿遍野将是医药企业的一片惨象。

下面看白衣山猫的评论:

我是医生,我非常迫切地希望医改能够成功。昨晚央视大篇章报道了三明医改,说得人热血沸腾,好像找到了中国医改的方向。收到@微博小秘书 私信,让我谈谈三明医改的看法。
 第一篇网友微博发出后,收到了好多三明网友的评论,让我看到了和央视新闻部一样的看法。后来,我干脆又发了一条调查的微博,让大家来谈谈,三明本地人如何看待三明的医改。
 这篇文章,所有观点来自三明网友的留言评论和私信。这篇文章的有些观点,肯定会让三明官方有些难堪,请谅解。值此三明经验向全国推广之际,我们医生群体作为医改最核心的当事人群,需要说出我们自己的声音。希望有官员能够看到这篇文章。任何不考虑医生利益和意见的医改,都不可能取得成功。
 首先,三明的药品价格是怎么降下来的?央视报道中,介绍了药品的降价,是砍掉了药品流通领域里面的利润。
 央视报道中,介绍到: 
 “医院常用药奥美拉唑钠,就由改革前的256元下降到6.9元,下降幅度高达37倍。药品费用大幅度下降、医务人员收入显著上升,医保基金从亏损转为盈余,初步实现了患者、医院、医生和政府多方共赢。”
 这些药品,在三明的医生眼里是怎么样的呢?下面是一个网友医生的介绍:   
   大家看明白了吧,药品虽然是同一个药品,可是纯度,疗效完全不一样。药品是用来治病的,静脉炎、过敏,这些都是因为生产工艺偷工减料的问题,导致药品纯度不够引起的。要想达到一定的药品纯度,加大工艺流程,成本就会增加。一分钱一分货,在药品领域,从来都不是空话。药品不良反应可是要人命的啊。
 三明的不是医生的普通网友又怎么来看待三明的药品降价问题的呢?  普通网友的切身体会:没药了!
 其次,真如新闻里那位医生介绍的那样,三明的医生都拿到了10万到20万的年薪了吗?这么好的待遇,福建三明离我家不远我都想去投奔那些医院了。  也就是说,很多医生别说年薪十万,一半也拿不到。这点,我收到47条私信,全部是这个观点。
 待遇不好,医生会怎么办?   看明白了吗?三明的好多医生跑掉了,有些部门用了手段,不让他们走,然后医生们在猜想医院三明时候关门!医生希望自己的医院关门大吉,这是什么事情啊!  三明另外一位医生网友说,走了医生很多。   医生都快走光了。
 上面是三明的医生说医生跑光了,那么,三明的病人是怎么看三明的医生的呢?  这位病人说:一张医保卡就能够看病了,嗯,医生真的都跑光了!  这是另外一位三明的病人说的话。
 没有了医生,三明的卫生行政部门怎么办?    连还没有毕业的医学生都知道怎么回事,我看三明怎么招得到医生!
 医生不满意,三明的老百姓,满意了吗?   去三明调查过得卫计委官员真的会不知道吗?   再来个网友的总结性发言吧。任何医改,都绕不过医护人员,病人和药品生产企业三者之间的权益。

从网友的评论(还有很多私信,也是类似内容,我就不晒出来了,私信只是印证这些评论对不对的依据。)里我看到了,对于三明医改,三明的医生很不满意,纷纷用脚投票;三明的药品也经常断供而且经常出现质量问题;三明的老百姓也不满意。那么三明的医改,谁满意了,谁得益了?难道是药品生产企业?

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    2015-12-27 忠诚向上

    很值得学习

    0

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    2015-12-26 hixiaoluo

    好文章,值得看。

    0

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    2015-12-18 tidiq
  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=49329, encodeId=2fc9493291a, content=很值得学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=132, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=45101626056, createdName=忠诚向上, createdTime=Sun Dec 27 12:38:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=48410, encodeId=84a74841005, content=好文章,值得看。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=168, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=bc301610909, createdName=hixiaoluo, createdTime=Sat Dec 26 17:00:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1286533, encodeId=0919128653374, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ebac3442063' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#医改#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=34420, encryptionId=ebac3442063, topicName=医改)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=b3e9205, createdName=tidiq, createdTime=Fri Dec 18 00:39:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1515341, encodeId=ce3815153415f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=99b5196642d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#三明医改#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=19664, encryptionId=99b5196642d, topicName=三明医改)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=fd9410772172, createdName=12498adam43暂无昵称, createdTime=Fri Dec 18 00:39:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=46404, encodeId=bad0464046c, content=拭目以待,估计前景不乐观, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=94, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=6a1691957, createdName=smiles1949, createdTime=Wed Dec 16 17:15:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=46358, encodeId=bc8c46358a4, content=推行医改,势在必行!!!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=177, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20151114/IMG5646CCDAD44193992.jpg, createdBy=a6f71663277, createdName=其曰无医, createdTime=Wed Dec 16 09:55:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=46357, encodeId=036e4635efc, content=推行医改,势在必行?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=98, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20151114/IMG5646CCDAD44193992.jpg, createdBy=a6f71663277, createdName=其曰无医, createdTime=Wed Dec 16 09:54:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-16, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=49329, encodeId=2fc9493291a, content=很值得学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=132, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=45101626056, createdName=忠诚向上, createdTime=Sun Dec 27 12:38:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=48410, encodeId=84a74841005, content=好文章,值得看。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=168, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=bc301610909, createdName=hixiaoluo, createdTime=Sat Dec 26 17:00:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1286533, encodeId=0919128653374, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ebac3442063' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#医改#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=34420, encryptionId=ebac3442063, topicName=医改)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=b3e9205, createdName=tidiq, createdTime=Fri Dec 18 00:39:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1515341, encodeId=ce3815153415f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=99b5196642d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#三明医改#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=19664, encryptionId=99b5196642d, topicName=三明医改)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=fd9410772172, createdName=12498adam43暂无昵称, createdTime=Fri Dec 18 00:39:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=46404, encodeId=bad0464046c, content=拭目以待,估计前景不乐观, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=94, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=6a1691957, createdName=smiles1949, createdTime=Wed Dec 16 17:15:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=46358, encodeId=bc8c46358a4, content=推行医改,势在必行!!!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=177, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20151114/IMG5646CCDAD44193992.jpg, createdBy=a6f71663277, createdName=其曰无医, createdTime=Wed Dec 16 09:55:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=46357, encodeId=036e4635efc, content=推行医改,势在必行?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=98, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20151114/IMG5646CCDAD44193992.jpg, createdBy=a6f71663277, createdName=其曰无医, createdTime=Wed Dec 16 09:54:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-16, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-12-16 smiles1949

    拭目以待,估计前景不乐观

    0

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    2015-12-16 其曰无医

    推行医改,势在必行!!!

    0

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    2015-12-16 其曰无医

    推行医改,势在必行?

    0

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