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混杂因素控制策略—随机、限制、配对、分层、回归和工具变量法

2016-06-16 MedSci MedSci原创

临床研究的发展可以说是与混杂因素和偏倚的“斗争”密不可分的。临床研究发展到现在,也有很多方法控制混杂因素。混杂控制的水平直接影响到研究的质量!MedSci小编这里把常见的控制混杂的策略全部告诉大家了哦! 随机化 研究对象随机分配于各组,以使比较组之间在混杂因素的分布上达到均衡,常用于实验性研究,以临床实验中多见。可针对已知或未知混杂,但是当样本量较小时,由于机会的原因,可能并不能完全平衡两

临床研究的发展可以说是与混杂因素和偏倚的“斗争”密不可分的。临床研究发展到现在,也有很多方法控制混杂因素。混杂控制的水平直接影响到研究的质量!MedSci小编这里把常见的控制混杂的策略全部告诉大家了哦! 随机化 研究对象随机分配于各组,以使比较组之间在混杂因素的分布上达到均衡,常用于实验性研究,以临床实验中多见。可针对已知或未知混杂,但是当样本量较小时,由于机会的原因,可能并不能完全平衡两组之间的混杂因素,样本量越大,这一问题越小。 RCT在进行分组时,采用完全随机的方法,也就是说每个病例进入病例组和对照组的概率是相同的,这样看得见的和看不见的混杂因素在各组的分布都是均衡的。如果RCT实施过程严格执行随机方案,可以认为只有干预因素在组间是不同的。当然,这仅仅是理论上的。在实际上,RCT时还要考虑分层,区组,以及中心化等一些策略,让随机更有效。 限制 针对某些可能的混杂因素,对研究对象的入选条件加以限制。限制使混杂因素恒定,没有变异,消除了暴露-混杂,疾病-混杂的联系。优点在于概念易懂,然而缺点是符合条件的研究对象减少;筛检大量个体,只能入选其中一部分,这样效率太低;影响结果外推;限制范

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    2016-09-03 1e103005m16(暂无匿称)

    收藏了。

    0

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    2016-08-21 ghy_happy

    收藏学习

    0

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    2016-08-07 1dd96cb3m86(暂无匿称)

    好好

    0

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    2016-07-13 1df0137fm56(暂无匿称)

    学习了,统计好难

    0

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    2016-06-16 milkshark

    说得很细

    0

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    2016-06-16 milkshark

    先收藏了

    0

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    2016-06-16 土豆

    先收藏,再学习

    0

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