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喜大普奔!纳武利尤单抗联合伊匹木单抗双免疫疗法惠及肝细胞癌患者,客观缓解率达33%

2020-03-12 MedSci MedSci

2020年3月11日,百时美施贵宝(NYSE:BMY)今日宣布,美国食品药品监督管理局(FDA)已批准纳武利尤单抗1 mg/kg 联合伊匹木单抗3 mg/kg(静脉注射)用于治疗既往接受过索拉非尼治疗

2020年3月11日,百时美施贵宝(NYSE:BMY)今日宣布,美国食品药品监督管理局(FDA)已批准纳武利尤单抗1 mg/kg 联合伊匹木单抗3 mg/kg(静脉注射)用于治疗既往接受过索拉非尼治疗的肝细胞癌(HCC)患者1-2。此次FDA加速批准该适应症主要是基于CheckMate -040 1/2期临床试验中纳武利尤单抗联合伊匹木单抗队列所观察到的客观缓解率(ORR)和缓解持续时间(DoR)1-3。针对该适应症的进一步批准可能取决于验证性试验对其临床获益的证实与描述1-2
                        
“肝细胞癌是一种高度恶性的疾病,患者亟需多元化的治疗手段4-6。”南加州大学凯克医学院与诺里斯综合癌症中心首席研究员、临床医学副教授及一期临床负责人Anthony B. El-Khoueiry博士表示,“根据CheckMate -040临床试验结果,纳武利尤单抗联合伊匹木单抗队列中所观察到的客观缓解率凸显了双免疫疗法用于经治肝细胞癌患者的潜力1。”
 
CheckMate -040临床试验结果显示,经过至少28个月1的随访,纳武利尤单抗联合伊匹木单抗在既往接受过索拉非尼治疗的肝细胞癌患者队列中的治疗客观缓解率达33%(16/49; 95% CI: 20-48),其中8%患者(4/49)获得完全缓解(CR),24%患者(12/49)获得部分缓解(PR)1。缓解持续时间(DoR)自4.6至30.5个月以上,其中88%的受试者缓解持续至少6个月,56%持续至少12个月,31%持续至少24个月1。上述客观缓解率(ORR)和缓解持续时间(DoR) 由盲态独立中心审查委员会(BICR)根据实体瘤疗效评价标准1.1版(RECIST v 1.1)评估1。当BICR采用改良实体瘤疗效评价标准(mRECIST)评估,客观缓解率(ORR)达35%(17/49; 95% CI: 22-50),其中12%患者 (6/49)获得完全缓解,22% 患者(11/49)获得部分缓解1
 
纳武利尤单抗与以下警告和注意事项相关,包括免疫介导的非感染性肺炎、结肠炎、肝炎、内分泌病变、肾炎及肾功能不全、皮肤不良反应、脑炎、其他不良反应;输液反应;胚胎-胎儿毒性。此外,当纳武利尤单抗联合沙利度胺类似物和地塞米松治疗多发性骨髓瘤患者时,死亡率可能上升,因此不推荐在受控的临床试验外使用1。请参阅以下重要安全信息部分,包括关于伊匹木单抗相关的免疫介导不良反应的黑框警告,以及CheckMate -040试验中的安全信息。
 
“在美国,肝癌发病率正逐年升高。肝细胞癌是最为常见且高度恶性的类型4-9。”Blue Faery: The Adrienne Wilson肝癌协会主席及创始人Andrea Wilson认为,“此次获批为既往接受过索拉非尼治疗的肝细胞癌患者提供了全新的治疗选择并为他们带来了更多希望1。”
 
纳武利尤单抗联合伊匹木单抗是目前唯一经FDA批准用于该适应症的双免疫疗法,其通过靶定两个不同的检查点(PD-1和CTLA-4)且以互补方式展现潜在的协同作用机制1
 
“我们认为,罹患肝细胞癌这类高度恶性癌症的患者亟需兼具临床意义和持久获益的全新治疗选择。”百时美施贵宝公司美国总经理及肿瘤、免疫学及心血管负责人Adam Lenkowsky表示,“此项获批是我们在免疫肿瘤治疗领域不断开拓创新的又一次传承,也是我们致力于通过科学改变患者生命迈出的重要一步。”
 
此前,纳武利尤单抗联合伊匹木单抗用于经治肝细胞癌已被FDA授予突破性疗法认定及优先审评资格。
 
关于CheckMate-040试验设计
 
CheckMate -040 (NCT01658878)是一项开放标签的1/2期临床研究,包含一组纳武利尤单抗联合伊匹木单抗用于既往索拉非尼治疗后进展或索拉非尼不耐受的肝细胞癌患者队列1,10。PD-L1表达和不表达患者均可纳入此研究3。主要入组标准包括经组织学确认的肝细胞癌,肝硬化状态为Child-Pugh A级1。其他入组标准包括活动性HCV感染、活动性HBV感染,或非感染的患者1,3。排除标准包括患有活动性自身免疫性疾病、脑转移、肝性脑病病史、临床显著腹水、HIV感染、以及活动性HBV和HCV共感染、或HBV和HDV共感染1。已知的纤维板层肝细胞癌、肉瘤样肝细胞癌,以及患有混合型肝细胞癌-胆管细胞癌的患者亦不可纳入研究3。共计49例患者接受了4剂每三周一次的纳武利尤单抗1mg/kg(静脉注射)联合伊匹木单抗3mg/kg(静脉注射)治疗,之后每两周一次使用纳武利尤单抗240mg治疗,直至疾病进展或出现不可耐受的毒性1。主要疗效结局为由BICR根据RECIST v1.1和mRECIST1评估的客观缓解率及缓解持续时间1
 
CheckMate-040试验安全信息(节选)  

CheckMate -040在49例患者中评估了使用纳武利尤单抗1 mg/kg联合 伊匹木单抗3 mg/kg治疗的安全性1。59%接受纳武利尤单抗联合伊匹木单抗治疗的患者出现了严重不良反应1。29%的患者中断治疗,65%的患者因不良反应延迟治疗1。患者中报告≥4%的严重不良反应为发热、腹泻、贫血、AST升高、肾上腺功能不全、腹水、食管静脉曲张破裂出血、低钠血症、血胆红素升高和非感染性肺炎1。最常见的不良反应(超过20%患者报告)为皮疹(53%)、瘙痒(53%)、肌肉骨骼疼痛(41%)、腹泻(39%)、咳嗽(37%)、食欲下降(35%)、疲劳(27%)、发热(27%)、腹痛(22%)、头痛(22%)、恶心(20%)、头晕(20%)、甲状腺功能减退(20%)和体重下降(20%)1
 
*目前,伊匹木单抗尚未在中国大陆获批。
 
文献资料:
1. Opdivo Prescribing Information. Opdivo U.S. Product Information. Last updated: March 2020. Princeton, NJ: Bristol Myers Squibb Company. 
2. Yervoy Prescribing Information. Yervoy U.S. Product Information. Last updated: March 2020. Princeton, NJ: Bristol Myers Squibb Company. 
3. Yau T, Kang YK, Kim TY, et al. Nivolumab + Ipilimumab Combination Therapy in Patients With Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Results From CheckMate 040. Presentation at American Society of Clinical Oncology congress, May 31-June 4, 2019.
4. Kumari R, Sahu MK, Tripathy A, et al. Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treatment: Hurdles, Advances and Prospects. Hepatic Oncology. 2018;5(2):1-14.
5. Carusa S, Calatayud AL, Pilet J, et al. Analysis of Liver Cancer Cell Lines Identifies Agents With Likely Efficacy Against Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Markers of Response. Gastroenterology 2019;157:760–776.
6. Alqahtani A , Khan Z, Alloghbi A, et al. Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Molecular Mechanisms and Targeted Therapies. Medicina 2019; 9 (55):526.
7. Cronin KA , Lake AJ, Scott S, et al. Annual Report to the Nation on the Status of Cancer, Part I: National Cancer Statistics. Cancer. 2018; 2785-2800.
8. SEER. Liver and Intrahepatic Bile Duct Cancer, CSR 1975-2016. https://seer.cancer.gov/archive/csr/1975_2015/results_merged/sect_14_liver_bile.pdf. Accessed February 25, 2020.
9. American Cancer Society. What is Liver Cancer?  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/liver-cancer/about/what-is-liver-cancer.html. Accessed February 25, 2020. 
10. ClinicalTrials.gov. An Immuno-therapy Study to Evaluate the Effectiveness, Safety and Tolerability of Nivolumab or Nivolumab in Combination With Other Agents in Patients With Advanced Liver Cancer (CheckMate040). https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01658878. Published August 7, 2012. Updated January 21, 2020. Accessed February 25, 2020. 

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