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BJJ:腰椎管狭窄症内固定融合并不比单纯减压疗效更好

2013-07-18 hotstone dxy

腰椎管狭窄症在65岁以上的老年人中很常见,也是脊柱外科选择手术治疗最常见的疾病。大量研究显示,对于严重的腰椎管狭窄症,减压手术往往可以获得比非手术治疗更好的疗效。而加压后是否会继发脊柱不稳,则是长期以来持续争论的问题。 有生物力学研究显示减压范围与术后脊柱不稳存在相关性,减压不融合有继发脊柱滑脱的风险。有学者认为术后继发不稳会明显影响最终的临床结果,同时也有学者对此提出质疑。有研究主张在

腰椎管狭窄症在65岁以上的老年人中很常见,也是脊柱外科选择手术治疗最常见的疾病。大量研究显示,对于严重的腰椎管狭窄症,减压手术往往可以获得比非手术治疗更好的疗效。而加压后是否会继发脊柱不稳,则是长期以来持续争论的问题。

有生物力学研究显示减压范围与术后脊柱不稳存在相关性,减压不融合有继发脊柱滑脱的风险。有学者认为术后继发不稳会明显影响最终的临床结果,同时也有学者对此提出质疑。有研究主张在减压节段同时进行融合内固定,尤其是术前既存在退变性滑脱的患者,内固定融合可获得更好的临床疗效。虽然在其他研究中并没有得到类似的结果,但融合内固定手术的数量一直在不断攀升。

老年患者年龄越大,存在多种内科合并症的比例也更大,减压以后同期行内固定融合会增加致命性并发症以及死亡的风险。此外,融合节段的相邻节段也有发生邻椎病的风险。为了明确融合内固定相对单纯减压在腰椎管狭窄症中的优势,瑞典学者Försth等进行了专题研究,相关结果发表在2013年7月出版的BJJ杂志(注1)上。

该研究的数据来源于瑞典脊柱外科的国家注册系统,该系统自1993年开始对脊柱手术进行前瞻性的登记注册,包括了瑞典超过80%因腰椎退变性疾病行手术治疗的病例。术前完善各种调查问卷,如Oswestry功能障碍评分(ODI)、欧洲五维健康量表(EuroQol Five Dimensions, EQ-5D)、腰腿疼痛的VAS评分,以及吸烟习惯、镇痛药用量、行走距离、工作状况和工作时间。术后1、2、5、10年随访时再次评估以上各项指标。

本研究纳入了手术时年龄>50岁,L2-5存在1或2个节段狭窄的腰椎管狭窄症患者,时间范围1998年1月1日至2008年7月1日。术前伴有和不伴有腰椎滑脱的患者均纳入研究。最终8785例患者符合研究标准。手术在48家医院进行,剔除失访以及随访时间不足两年的患者,共5390例患者最终纳入研究。


图1 纳入患者的流程图

4259例(79%)患者进行了单纯的减压,另外1131例(21%)患者减压以后还进行了融合。融合组女性比例较高,腰背痛以及退变性滑脱的程度更重(见表1)。大多数融合的病例都进行了内固定(933例,82.5%)。1306例(24%)患者术前合并腰椎滑脱,

表1 不同手术方式以及术前合并腰椎滑脱患者的基线人口统计学数据


经过2年的随访,无论术前是否存在腰椎滑脱,减压组和融合组相比,各项临床指标的评价结果均没有明显的差异。不仅如此,需要再次手术的患者比例在两组也类似。减压组由于术后再发椎管狭窄或不稳而行二次手术者占为7%,融合组为8.1%,两次手术间隔的时间平均为27个月。

表2 术后2年的随访结果

表中的数值均经过年龄、性别、吸烟习惯、镇痛药以及基线差异等的校正,为平均值及95%置信区间。

基于以上结果,研究结论认为,对于1或2个节段腰椎管狭窄症的老年患者,无论是否存在退变性滑脱,如选择手术治疗,手术方式应尽量限制在创伤相对较小的单纯减压,以避免不必要的并发症。

注1:The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery [Br]从2013年第一期开始更名为The Bone & Joint Journal (BJJ),影响因子:2.735,该杂志1948年2月创刊,是与JBJS(am)齐名的老牌权威期刊。


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    2013-07-20 licz0427
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    2013-07-20 cnxcy

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